Chapter 4, Problem 11PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond-line formulas of the given organic compounds are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A bond-line formula is a way to represent a molecular structure with a line denoting a covalent bond. In an organic compound, each end point in a line represents a carbon and hydrogen is not written. Hetero-atoms are written in bond-line formula.

In cis-isomers, substituents are on the same side of the double bond.

In trans-isomers, substituents are on the opposite side of the double bond.

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The parent chain is numbered from that end, which is closest to the substituent.

If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given.

If there are two or more different substituents they are listed in alphabetical order using the base name.

The name of the alkane is derived from the parent chain with a prefix of the substituent along with their position on the chain.

For naming the cyclic organic compounds, the word “cyclo” is used as prefix.

For alkenes, suffix “ene” is used.