Using and Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach (6th Edition)
Using and Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321914620
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, William L. Briggs
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3.B, Problem 72E

Sampling Problems. Sampling techniques can be used to estimate physical quantities. To estimate a large quantity, you might measure a representative small sample and find the total quantity by “scaling up.” To estimate a small quantity, you might measure several of the small quantities together and “scale down.” In each of the following, describe your estimation technique and answer the questions.

Example: How thick is a sheet of a paper?

Solution: One way to estimate the thickness of a sheet of paper is to measure the thickness of a ream (500 sheets) of paper. A particular ream was 7.5 centimeters thick. Thus, a sheet of paper from this ream was 7.5 cm / 500 = 0.015 cm, or 0.15 millimeter, thick.

72. How much does a sheet of paper weigh?

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Using and Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach (6th Edition)

Ch. 3.A - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.A - The population of a town increases from 50,000 to...Ch. 3.A - Suppose the value of a home changed by -20% over...Ch. 3.A - Emily scored 50% higher on the SAT than Joshua....Ch. 3.A - The price of a movie ticket increased from $10 to...Ch. 3.A - Your receipt shows that you paid $47.96 for a new...Ch. 3.A - Consider the statement “The interest rate on auto...Ch. 3.A - A friend has a textbook that originally cost $150....Ch. 3.A - You currently earn $1000 per month, but you are...Ch. 3.A - During high school, Elise won 30% of the swim...
Ch. 3.A - Describe the three basic uses of percentages. Give...Ch. 3.A - Distinguish between absolute and relative change....Ch. 3.A - Distinguish between absolute and relative...Ch. 3.A - Explain the difference between the key words of...Ch. 3.A - Explain the difference between the terms percent...Ch. 3.A - 6. Give an example to explain why, in general, it...Ch. 3.A - In many European countries, the percentage change...Ch. 3.A - The price of tuition has tripled since my parents...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 9ECh. 3.A - I’ve decreased my caloric intake by 125% which has...Ch. 3.A - If you earn 20% more than I do, then I must earn...Ch. 3.A - If they raise taxes by 10% every year, in a decade...Ch. 3.A - We found that these rare cancers were 700% more...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 14ECh. 3.A - The rate of return on our fund increased by 50%,...Ch. 3.A - My bank increased the interest rate on my savings...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 17ECh. 3.A - Prob. 18ECh. 3.A - Prob. 19ECh. 3.A - Prob. 20ECh. 3.A - Fractions, Decimals, Percentages. Express the...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 22ECh. 3.A - Prob. 23ECh. 3.A - Prob. 24ECh. 3.A - Fractions, Decimals, Percentages. Express the...Ch. 3.A - Fractions, Decimals, Percentages. Express the...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 27ECh. 3.A - Prob. 28ECh. 3.A - Fractions, Decimals, Percentages. Express the...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 30ECh. 3.A - Prob. 31ECh. 3.A - Prob. 32ECh. 3.A - Prob. 33ECh. 3.A - Prob. 34ECh. 3.A - Prob. 35ECh. 3.A - Prob. 36ECh. 3.A - Prob. 37ECh. 3.A - Prob. 38ECh. 3.A - Compare the following pairs of numbers A and B in...Ch. 3.A - Compare the following pairs of numbers A and B in...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 41ECh. 3.A - Prob. 42ECh. 3.A - Percentages as Fractions. In the following...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 44ECh. 3.A - Percentages as Fractions. In the following...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 46ECh. 3.A - Prob. 47ECh. 3.A - Prob. 48ECh. 3.A - Salary Comparisons. Clint’s salary increased from...Ch. 3.A - Population Comparison. Between the 2010 U.S....Ch. 3.A - Percentage change. Find the absolute change and...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Change. Find the absolute change and...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Change. Find the absolute change and...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Change. Find the absolute change and...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Comparisons. Complete the following...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Comparisons. Complete the following...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Comparisons. Complete the following...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Comparisons. Complete the following...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Comparisons. Complete the following...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Comparisons. Complete the following...Ch. 3.A - Of versus More Than. Fill in the blanks in the...Ch. 3.A - Of versus More Than. Fill in the blanks in the...Ch. 3.A - Of versus More Than. Fill in the blanks in the...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 64ECh. 3.A - Prices and sales. Fill the blanks in the following...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 66ECh. 3.A - Prices and sales. Fill the blanks in the following...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 68ECh. 3.A - Prob. 69ECh. 3.A - Prob. 70ECh. 3.A - Prob. 71ECh. 3.A - Prob. 72ECh. 3.A - Care in Wording. Assume that 30% of city employees...Ch. 3.A - Ambiguous News. The average annual precipitation...Ch. 3.A - Solving Percentage Problems. Solve the following...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 76ECh. 3.A - Solving Percentage Problems. Solve the following...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 78ECh. 3.A - Prob. 79ECh. 3.A - Prob. 80ECh. 3.A - Shifting Reference Value. State whether the...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 82ECh. 3.A - Prob. 83ECh. 3.A - Prob. 84ECh. 3.A - Prob. 85ECh. 3.A - Prob. 86ECh. 3.A - Is it Possible? Determine whether the following...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 88ECh. 3.A - Average Percentages. You are a teacher. Your...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 90ECh. 3.A - Prob. 91ECh. 3.A - Prob. 92ECh. 3.A - Prob. 93ECh. 3.A - Prob. 94ECh. 3.A - Prob. 95ECh. 3.A - Prob. 96ECh. 3.A - Solving Percentage Problems. Solve the following...Ch. 3.A - 95-100 Solving Percentage Problems. Solve the...Ch. 3.A - Solving Percentage Problems. Solve the following...Ch. 3.A - Solving Percentage Problems. Solve the following...Ch. 3.A - Percentages in the News. Answer the question that...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 102ECh. 3.A - Percentages in the News. Answer the question that...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 104ECh. 3.A - Prob. 105ECh. 3.A - Prob. 106ECh. 3.A - Prob. 107ECh. 3.A - 108. Stock Market Losses. a. The largest...Ch. 3.A - Percentages. Find three recent news reports that...Ch. 3.A - Percentage Change. Find a recent news report that...Ch. 3.A - Prob. 111ECh. 3.B - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.B - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.B - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.B - 4. You are asked to estimate the total amount of...Ch. 3.B - 5. You are wondering how many dollar bills you’d...Ch. 3.B - 6. You are given some data and asked to calculate...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 7QQCh. 3.B - Prob. 8QQCh. 3.B - Prob. 9QQCh. 3.B - A lottery ticket on which the odds of winning are...Ch. 3.B - Briefly describe scientific notation. How is it...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 2ECh. 3.B - Prob. 3ECh. 3.B - Explain how we can use comparisons to put numbers...Ch. 3.B - 5. Describe three common ways of expressing the...Ch. 3.B - 6. Explain how we can use scaling to put numbers...Ch. 3.B - 7. Suppose that the Sun were the size of a...Ch. 3.B - 8. Describe several ways of putting each of the...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 9ECh. 3.B - I’ve seen about commercials on TV.Ch. 3.B - I live in an apartment building that is 200 feet...Ch. 3.B - In total, Americans spend about a billion dollars...Ch. 3.B - After a recent NFL football game, the star player...Ch. 3.B - The CEO of the company earned more money last year...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 15ECh. 3.B - Prob. 16ECh. 3.B - Prob. 17ECh. 3.B - Review of Scientific Notation. In the following...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 19ECh. 3.B - Prob. 20ECh. 3.B - Prob. 21ECh. 3.B - Prob. 22ECh. 3.B - Using Scientific Notation. Rewrite the following...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 24ECh. 3.B - 23-26: Using Scientific Notation. Rewrite the...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 26ECh. 3.B - Prob. 27ECh. 3.B - Prob. 28ECh. 3.B - 29-32: Perspective Through Estimation. Use...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 30ECh. 3.B - Prob. 31ECh. 3.B - Prob. 32ECh. 3.B - Prob. 33ECh. 3.B - Prob. 34ECh. 3.B - Prob. 35ECh. 3.B - 33-40: Order of Magnitude Estimates. Make order of...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 37ECh. 3.B - Prob. 38ECh. 3.B - Prob. 39ECh. 3.B - Prob. 40ECh. 3.B - Prob. 41ECh. 3.B - 41-48: Energy Comparisons. Use Table 3.1 to answer...Ch. 3.B - 41-48: Energy Comparisons. Use Table 3.1 to answer...Ch. 3.B - 41-48: Energy Comparisons. Use Table 3.1 to answer...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 45ECh. 3.B - Prob. 46ECh. 3.B - Prob. 47ECh. 3.B - Prob. 48ECh. 3.B - Prob. 49ECh. 3.B - Scale Ratios. Find the scale ratios for the...Ch. 3.B - Scale Ratios. Find the scale ratios for the...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 52ECh. 3.B - Scale Model Solar System. The following table...Ch. 3.B - 54. Interstellar Travel. The fastest spaceships...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 55ECh. 3.B - Prob. 56ECh. 3.B - Prob. 57ECh. 3.B - Making Numbers Understandable. Restate the...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 59ECh. 3.B - Making Numbers Understandable. Restate the...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 61ECh. 3.B - Prob. 62ECh. 3.B - Prob. 63ECh. 3.B - Prob. 64ECh. 3.B - Cells in the Human Body. Estimates of the number...Ch. 3.B - Emissions. For every gallon of gasoline burned by...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 67ECh. 3.B - Wood for Energy? A total of about 180,000...Ch. 3.B - Stellar Corpses: White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars. A...Ch. 3.B - Until the Sun Dies. It took 65 million years from...Ch. 3.B - Personal Consumption. The Bureaus of Economic...Ch. 3.B - Sampling Problems. Sampling techniques can be used...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 73ECh. 3.B - 72 – 75 : Sampling Problems. Sampling techniques...Ch. 3.B - Sampling Problems. Sampling techniques can be used...Ch. 3.B - 76. Energy Comparisons. Using data available from...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 77ECh. 3.B - Prob. 78ECh. 3.B - Prob. 79ECh. 3.B - Prob. 80ECh. 3.B - Prob. 81ECh. 3.B - Putting Numbers in Perspective. Find at least two...Ch. 3.B - Prob. 83ECh. 3.C - The $5.6 trillion surplus that government...Ch. 3.C - Under the standard rules for counting significant...Ch. 3.C - Under the standard rules for counting significant...Ch. 3.C - You are trying to measure the outside temperature...Ch. 3.C - You are trying to measure the outside temperature...Ch. 3.C - A testing service makes a error that causes all...Ch. 3.C - A testing service makes an error that causes all...Ch. 3.C - A digital scale shows that you weigh 112.7 pounds,...Ch. 3.C - At a particular moment, the U.S. National Debt...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 10QQCh. 3.C - Prob. 1ECh. 3.C - Prob. 2ECh. 3.C - Prob. 3ECh. 3.C - Distinguish between accuracy and precision. Give...Ch. 3.C - Why can it be misleading to give measurements with...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 6ECh. 3.C - Next year’s federal deficit will be $675.34...Ch. 3.C - In many developing nations, official estimates of...Ch. 3.C - I weigh 110.3627 pounds.Ch. 3.C - The 2013 presidential inauguration brought 925,500...Ch. 3.C - Wilma used a yard stick to measure the length of...Ch. 3.C - More precision is useless if the measurement is...Ch. 3.C - 13. A $1 million error may sound like a lot, but...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 14ECh. 3.C - Prob. 15ECh. 3.C - Review of Rounding. In the following exercises,...Ch. 3.C - Counting Significant Digits. State the number of...Ch. 3.C - Counting Significant Digits. State the number of...Ch. 3.C - Counting Significant Digits. State the number of...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 20ECh. 3.C - 17-28: Counting Significant Digits. State the...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 22ECh. 3.C - Prob. 23ECh. 3.C - Prob. 24ECh. 3.C - Prob. 25ECh. 3.C - Prob. 26ECh. 3.C - Prob. 27ECh. 3.C - 17-28: Counting Significant Digits. State the...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 29ECh. 3.C - Rounding with Significant Digits. Carry out the...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 31ECh. 3.C - Prob. 32ECh. 3.C - Prob. 33ECh. 3.C - Prob. 34ECh. 3.C - Source of Error. Describe possible source of...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 36ECh. 3.C - Source of Error. Describe possible source of...Ch. 3.C - Source of Error. Describe possible source of...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 39ECh. 3.C - 35-42: Source of Error. Describe possible source...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 41ECh. 3.C - Source of Error. Describe possible source of...Ch. 3.C - Tax Audit. A tax auditor reviewing a tax return...Ch. 3.C - AIDS Epidemic. Researchers studying the...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 45ECh. 3.C - Cutting Lumber. A lumber yard employee cuts 30...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 47ECh. 3.C - Absolute and Relative Errors. Find the absolute...Ch. 3.C - Absolute and Relative Errors. Find the absolute...Ch. 3.C - Absolute and Relative Errors. Find the absolute...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 51ECh. 3.C - Prob. 52ECh. 3.C - Prob. 53ECh. 3.C - 47-54: Absolute and Relative Errors. Find the...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 55ECh. 3.C - Accuracy and Precision. For each pair of...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 57ECh. 3.C - Accuracy and Precision. For each pair of...Ch. 3.C - Combining Numbers. Use the appropriate rounding...Ch. 3.C - Combining Numbers. Use the appropriate rounding...Ch. 3.C - Combining Numbers. Use the appropriate rounding...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 62ECh. 3.C - Prob. 63ECh. 3.C - 59-66: Combining Numbers. Use the appropriate...Ch. 3.C - Combining Numbers. Use the appropriate rounding...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 66ECh. 3.C - Prob. 67ECh. 3.C - Prob. 68ECh. 3.C - Prob. 69ECh. 3.C - Prob. 70ECh. 3.C - Prob. 71ECh. 3.C - Prob. 72ECh. 3.C - Prob. 73ECh. 3.C - Prob. 74ECh. 3.C - 75. Propagation of Error. Suppose you want to cut...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 76ECh. 3.C - 77. Random and Systematic Errors. Find a recent...Ch. 3.C - Prob. 78ECh. 3.C - Prob. 79ECh. 3.C - Prob. 80ECh. 3.D - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.D - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.D - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.D - Prob. 4QQCh. 3.D - Prob. 5QQCh. 3.D - Prob. 6QQCh. 3.D - 7. Over the past three decades, the cost of...Ch. 3.D - Suppose your salary has been rising at a greater...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 9QQCh. 3.D - Prob. 10QQCh. 3.D - Prob. 1ECh. 3.D - What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)? How is it...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 3ECh. 3.D - Prob. 4ECh. 3.D - Prob. 5ECh. 3.D - Even though my salary has remained the same for...Ch. 3.D - Benjamin Franklin said, “A penny saved is a penny...Ch. 3.D - The prices of cars have risen steadily, but when...Ch. 3.D - 9. When we chart today’s price of milk in 1995...Ch. 3.D - 10. The Consumer Price Index is a theoretical...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 11ECh. 3.D - Prob. 12ECh. 3.D - Prob. 13ECh. 3.D - Prob. 14ECh. 3.D - Gasoline Price Index. Use Table 3.2 to answer the...Ch. 3.D - Gasoline Price Index. Use Table 3.2 to answer the...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 17ECh. 3.D - Prob. 18ECh. 3.D - Prob. 19ECh. 3.D - Prob. 20ECh. 3.D - Understanding the CPI. Use Table 3.4 to answer the...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 22ECh. 3.D - Prob. 23ECh. 3.D - 17-26: Understanding the CPI. Use Table 3.4 to...Ch. 3.D - 17-26: Understanding the CPI. Use Table 3.4 to...Ch. 3.D - Understanding the CPI. Use Table 3.4 to answer the...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 27ECh. 3.D - Prob. 28ECh. 3.D - Prob. 29ECh. 3.D - Prob. 30ECh. 3.D - Health Care Spending. Total spending on health...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 32ECh. 3.D - Prob. 33ECh. 3.D - Prob. 34ECh. 3.D - Prob. 35ECh. 3.D - Federal Minimum Wage. Use the following table,...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 37ECh. 3.D - Prob. 38ECh. 3.D - Federal Minimum Wage. Use the following table,...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 40ECh. 3.D - Prob. 41ECh. 3.D - Prob. 42ECh. 3.D - Fan Cost Index. The cost of attending a major...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 44ECh. 3.D - Consumer Price Index. Find a recent news report...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 46ECh. 3.D - Consumer Confidence Index. Use a search engine to...Ch. 3.D - Prob. 48ECh. 3.D - Prob. 49ECh. 3.D - Prob. 50ECh. 3.D - Prob. 51ECh. 3.D - Prob. 52ECh. 3.D - Prob. 53ECh. 3.D - Prob. 54ECh. 3.D - Prob. 55ECh. 3.E - Study Table 3.5. What does the number “8” in the...Ch. 3.E - Study Table 3.5. Which statement is not supported...Ch. 3.E - During their freshman year, Derek’s GPA was 3.4...Ch. 3.E - A false negative in a cancer screening test means...Ch. 3.E - A false positive in a test for steroids means that...Ch. 3.E - Study Table 3.7. The total number of women who did...Ch. 3.E - Study Table 3.7. The total number of women whose...Ch. 3.E - Suppose that a home pregnancy test is 99%...Ch. 3.E - Study the graph in Figure 3.5a. Which of the...Ch. 3.E - Study the graph in Figure 3.5b. Which of the...Ch. 3.E - Prob. 1ECh. 3.E - Prob. 2ECh. 3.E - Prob. 3ECh. 3.E - Prob. 4ECh. 3.E - Despite the fact that the new drug lowered blood...Ch. 3.E - Prob. 6ECh. 3.E - Baggage screening machines are 98% accurate in...Ch. 3.E - The polygraph test showed that the suspect was...Ch. 3.E - The Republications claim the tax cut benefits...Ch. 3.E - The agency suffered a real cut in its annual...Ch. 3.E - Prob. 11ECh. 3.E - Prob. 12ECh. 3.E - Prob. 13ECh. 3.E - Prob. 14ECh. 3.E - Prob. 15ECh. 3.E - Prob. 16ECh. 3.E - Prob. 17ECh. 3.E - Prob. 18ECh. 3.E - Prob. 19ECh. 3.E - Political Math. Government spending for a popular...Ch. 3.E - Basketball Records. Consider the following...Ch. 3.E - 22. Better Drug. Two drugs, A and B, were tested...Ch. 3.E - Prob. 23ECh. 3.E - Airline Arrivals. The following table shows real...Ch. 3.E - Prob. 25ECh. 3.E - Prob. 26ECh. 3.E - Analyzing a Two-Way Table. In the Senate of the...Ch. 3.E - Prob. 28ECh. 3.E - 29. A Tax Cut. According to an analysis of a...Ch. 3.E - Prob. 30ECh. 3.E - Drug Testing. Explore the issue of drug testing...Ch. 3.E - Prob. 32ECh. 3.E - Prob. 33E
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