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Wood for Energy? A total of about 180,000 terawatts of solar power reaches Earth’s surface, of which about 0.06% is used by plants for photosynthesis. Of the energy that goes to photosynthesis, about 1% ends up stored in plant matter (including wood). (Recall that 1 watt = 1 joule/s; 1 terawatt = 1012 watts.)
a. Calculate the total amount of energy that becomes stored in plant matter each second.
b. Suppose that power stations generated electricity by burning plant matter. If all the energy stored in plants could be converted to electricity, what average power, in terawatts, would be possible? Would it be enough to meet world electricity demand, which is of order 10 terawatts?
c. Based on your answer to b, can you draw any conclusions about why humans depend on fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, which are the remains of plants that died long ago? Explain.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK USING AND UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICS
- T2.3: Prove that there exists a connected graph with degrees d₁ ≥ d₂ >> dn if and only if d1, d2,..., dn is graphic, d ≥ 1 and di≥2n2. That is, some graph having degree sequence with these conditions is connected. Hint - Do not attempt to directly prove this using Erdos-Gallai conditions. Instead work with a realization and show that 2-switches can be used to make a connected graph with the same degree sequence. Facts that can be useful: a component (i.e., connected) with n₁ vertices and at least n₁ edges has a cycle. Note also that a 2-switch using edges from different components of a forest will not necessarily reduce the number of components. Make sure that you justify that your proof has a 2-switch that does decrease the number of components.arrow_forwardT2.2 Prove that a sequence s d₁, d₂,..., dn with n ≥ 3 of integers with 1≤d; ≤ n − 1 is the degree sequence of a connected unicyclic graph (i.e., with exactly one cycle) of order n if and only if at most n-3 terms of s are 1 and Σ di = 2n. (i) Prove it by induction along the lines of the inductive proof for trees. There will be a special case to handle when no d₂ = 1. (ii) Prove it by making use of the caterpillar construction. You may use the fact that adding an edge between 2 non-adjacent vertices of a tree creates a unicylic graph.arrow_forwardI need help with this problem and an explanation of the solution for the image described below. (Statistics: Engineering Probabilities)arrow_forward
- = == T2.1: Prove that the necessary conditions for a degree sequence of a tree are sufficient by showing that if di 2n-2 there is a caterpillar with these degrees. Start the construction as follows: if d1, d2,...,d2 and d++1 = d = 1 construct a path v1, v2, ..., vt and add d; - 2 pendent edges to v, for j = 2,3,..., t₁, d₁ - 1 to v₁ and d₁ - 1 to v₁. Show that this construction results vj in a caterpillar with degrees d1, d2, ..., dnarrow_forwardDo the Laplace Transformation and give the answer in Partial Fractions. Also do the Inverted Laplace Transformation and explain step-by-step.arrow_forwardI need help with this problem and an explanation of the solution for the image described below. (Statistics: Engineering Probabilities)arrow_forward
- 12. [-/1 Points] DETAILS MY NOTES SESSCALCET2 6.3.508.XP. ASK YOUR TEA Make a substitution to express the integrand as a rational function and then evaluate the integral. (Remember to use absolute values where appropriate. Use C for the constant of integration.) x + 16 dx X Need Help? Read It SUBMIT ANSWER 13. [-/1 Points] DETAILS MY NOTES SESSCALCET2 6.3.512.XP. ASK YOUR TEA Make a substitution to express the integrand as a rational function and then evaluate the integral. (Remember to use absolute values where appropriate. Use C for the constant of integration.) dx 8)(2x + 1) Need Help? Read It SUBMIT ANSWER 14. [-/1 Points] DETAILS MY NOTES SESSCALCET2 6.3.518.XP. Find the area of the region under the given curve from 1 to 5. y = x² +7 6x - x² Need Help? Read It ASK YOUR TEAarrow_forwardLakshmi planted 20 begonias, but her neighbor’s dog ate 7 of them. What percent of the begonias did the dog eat?arrow_forwardDETAILS MY NOTES SESSCALCET2 6.3.012. 6. [-/1 Points] Evaluate the integral. x-4 dx x² - 5x + 6 Need Help? Read It SUBMIT ANSWER 7. [-/1 Points] DETAILS MY NOTES SESSCALCET2 6.3.019. Evaluate the integral. (Remember to use absolute values where appropriate. Use C for the constant of integration.) x²+1 (x-6)(x-5)² dx Need Help? Read It SUBMIT ANSWER 8. [-/1 Points] DETAILS MY NOTES SESSCALCET2 6.3.021. Evaluate the integral. (Remember to use absolute values where appropriate. Use C for the constant of integration.) ✓ x² 4 +4 dxarrow_forward
- DETAILS MY NOTES SESSCALCET2 6.3.017. 1. [-/1 Points] Evaluate the integral. - - dy y(y + 2)(y-3) Need Help? Read It Watch It SUBMIT ANSWER 2. [-/1 Points] DETAILS MY NOTES SESSCALCET2 6.3.027. Evaluate the integral. (Use C for the constant of integration.) X + 16 x²+10x29 dx Need Help? Read It Watch It SUBMIT ANSWERarrow_forwardDo the Laplace Transformation for this equation in Partial Fractions.arrow_forward4 sin 15° cos 15° √2 cos 405°arrow_forward
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