An unstable particle with mass m = 3.34 × 10−27 kg is initially at rest. The particle decays into two fragments that fly off along the x axis with velocity components u1 = 0.987c and u2 = −0.868c. From this information, we wish to determine the masses of fragments 1 and 2. (a) Is the initial system of the unstable particle, which becomes the system of the two fragments, isolated or nonisolated? (b) Based on your answer to part (a), what two analysis models are appropriate for this situation? (c) Find the values of γ for the two fragments after the decay. (d) Using one of the analysis models in part (b), find a relationship between the masses m1 and m2 of the fragments. (e) Using the second analysis model in part (b). find a second relationship between the masses m1 and m2. (f) Solve the relationships in parts (d) and (c) simultaneously for the masses m1 and m2.
(a)
Answer to Problem 39.62P
Explanation of Solution
Isolated system is system which does not allow the flow of mass energy in our out.
Here, the unstable particle system does not allow any disturbance form the interference of mass-energy from outside the system or didn’t allowed any mass–energy to flow out of the system initially. The fragments of smaller mass of the unstable nuclei are also a part of initial system which further carries out the mass and energy with themselves after the decay but there is no involvement of the mass and energy from outside the system.
Thus the initial system is isolated.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the initial system before the decay is isolated.
(b)
Answer to Problem 39.62P
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
In an isolated system both the total momentum as well as total energy is conserved.
Determine the mass of the fragmented particles using the concept of conservation of total momentum and conservation of total energy.
The single unstable nuclei decayed into two fragments and there is no interference of any type of energy from outside and neither there is any flow of energy from outside the system. Therefore the momentum and the energy will be conserved during and after the fragmentation.
Thus the analysis which can be used to determine the mass of the two fragmented particles conservation of momentum in an isolated system and conservation of energy in an isolated system.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the two appropriate analysis models are the conservation of momentum in an isolated system and conservation of energy is an isolated system.
(c)
Answer to Problem 39.62P
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
Given info: The mass of the unstable particle is
The speed of light is
The formula to calculate the relativistic value is,
Here,
For first fragment,
Substitute
Thus the value of
For second fragment
Substitute
Thus the value of
Conclusion:
Therefore, value of relativistic factor for fragment one is
(d)
Answer to Problem 39.62P
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
From the conservation of energy the sum of the energy of the fragments is equal to the sum of the energy of the unstable nuclei.
Here,
The formula to calculate the total relativistic energy is,
Here,
The formula to calculate relativistic energy of a particle
The formula to calculate the energy for particle
Substitute
Substitute
Thus the relation between the mass of fragment one and fragment second is,
Conclusion:
Therefore, the relation between the mass of fragment one and fragment second is
(e)
Answer to Problem 39.62P
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
Given info: The mass of the unstable nuclei is
From the conservation of momentum the final momentum is zero,
Here,
The momentum of first fragment is,
The momentum of the second fragment is,
Substitute
Substitute
The relation between the two fragment is
Conclusion:
Therefore, from the analysis model of conservation of momentum the relation between the two masses is
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