Concept explainers
Introduction:
Voles are small rodents that show inherited differences in the number and distribution of certain hormone receptors that influence mating and bonding behavior. Most voles are promiscuous, which means that they have multiple mates. Some moles also form lifelong monogamous relationships.
Answer to Problem 1SA
Oxytocin, a hormone that plays a role in vole mating behavior. It also affects human social behavior. Hence, the correct answer is option b.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
Option b. is given as “oxytocin.”
Oxytocin is a peptide that functions both as hormone and a neurotransmitter in a female prairie vole’s bonding behavior. The disruption of oxytocin from the brain of a female, who is a member of an established pair, causes her to dump the long-term partner in favor of other males. Research showed that the brains of monogamous prairie vole females have many oxytocin receptors as compared to the brains of promiscuous female voles. Moreover, the oxytocin receptors are present in the part of the brain that is associated with social behavior.
Reason for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “Testosterone.”
Testosterone is a male sex hormone that is found in men, and it does not play a role in the mating behavior of voles. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “FSH.”
FSH is a follicle-stimulating hormone, which plays an important role in stimulating the growth of the ovarian follicles in the ovary; whereas, in men, FSH stimulates the production of sperm. It does not play a role in vole mating behavior. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option d. is given as, “estrogen.”
Estrogen is responsible for developing and regulating the reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics in females as it is a primary female sex hormone. It is not involved in the vole mating behavior. Hence, option d. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., c., and d. are incorrect.
Oxytocin plays a role in mating behavior and also affecting human social behavior. Thus, the correct option is b.
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