What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically? Introduction: Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 38.4, Problem 9SAQ

Summary Introduction

To determine:

What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically?

Introduction:

Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The breakdown of food in invertebrates such as fishes, reptile, birds, and earthworms is carried out by gizzard which is composed of muscular walls in the digestive tract and helps in grinding of ingested rock or sediment into smaller pieces to make it for digestion.

Similarly in vertebrates, the breakdown of ingested food is carried out by teeth. The ingested food is first breakdown into smaller forms by chewing so that all the nutrients from a food are absorbed by the body.

Conclusion

Gizzard in invertebrates helps in breakdown of sediments and rocks ingested by earthworms, fish, reptiles and birds into smaller forms while in vertebrates breakdown of food is carried out by teeth.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 38.4, Problem 9SAQ

Summary Introduction

To determine:

What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically?

Introduction:

Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The breakdown of food in invertebrates such as fishes, reptile, birds, and earthworms is carried out by gizzard which is composed of muscular walls in the digestive tract and helps in grinding of ingested rock or sediment into smaller pieces to make it for digestion.

Similarly in vertebrates, the breakdown of ingested food is carried out by teeth. The ingested food is first breakdown into smaller forms by chewing so that all the nutrients from a food are absorbed by the body.

Conclusion

Gizzard in invertebrates helps in breakdown of sediments and rocks ingested by earthworms, fish, reptiles and birds into smaller forms while in vertebrates breakdown of food is carried out by teeth.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 38.4, Problem 9SAQ

Summary Introduction

To determine:

What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically?

Introduction:

Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The breakdown of food in invertebrates such as fishes, reptile, birds, and earthworms is carried out by gizzard which is composed of muscular walls in the digestive tract and helps in grinding of ingested rock or sediment into smaller pieces to make it for digestion.

Similarly in vertebrates, the breakdown of ingested food is carried out by teeth. The ingested food is first breakdown into smaller forms by chewing so that all the nutrients from a food are absorbed by the body.

Conclusion

Gizzard in invertebrates helps in breakdown of sediments and rocks ingested by earthworms, fish, reptiles and birds into smaller forms while in vertebrates breakdown of food is carried out by teeth.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 38.4, Problem 9SAQ

Summary Introduction

To determine:

What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically?

Introduction:

Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The breakdown of food in invertebrates such as fishes, reptile, birds, and earthworms is carried out by gizzard which is composed of muscular walls in the digestive tract and helps in grinding of ingested rock or sediment into smaller pieces to make it for digestion.

Similarly in vertebrates, the breakdown of ingested food is carried out by teeth. The ingested food is first breakdown into smaller forms by chewing so that all the nutrients from a food are absorbed by the body.

Conclusion

Gizzard in invertebrates helps in breakdown of sediments and rocks ingested by earthworms, fish, reptiles and birds into smaller forms while in vertebrates breakdown of food is carried out by teeth.

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Answer 5

Chapter 38.4, Problem 9SAQ

Summary Introduction

To determine:

What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically?

Introduction:

Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The breakdown of food in invertebrates such as fishes, reptile, birds, and earthworms is carried out by gizzard which is composed of muscular walls in the digestive tract and helps in grinding of ingested rock or sediment into smaller pieces to make it for digestion.

Similarly in vertebrates, the breakdown of ingested food is carried out by teeth. The ingested food is first breakdown into smaller forms by chewing so that all the nutrients from a food are absorbed by the body.

Conclusion

Gizzard in invertebrates helps in breakdown of sediments and rocks ingested by earthworms, fish, reptiles and birds into smaller forms while in vertebrates breakdown of food is carried out by teeth.

Answer 6

Chapter 38.4, Problem 9SAQ

Summary Introduction

To determine:

What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically?

Introduction:

Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The breakdown of food in invertebrates such as fishes, reptile, birds, and earthworms is carried out by gizzard which is composed of muscular walls in the digestive tract and helps in grinding of ingested rock or sediment into smaller pieces to make it for digestion.

Similarly in vertebrates, the breakdown of ingested food is carried out by teeth. The ingested food is first breakdown into smaller forms by chewing so that all the nutrients from a food are absorbed by the body.

Conclusion

Gizzard in invertebrates helps in breakdown of sediments and rocks ingested by earthworms, fish, reptiles and birds into smaller forms while in vertebrates breakdown of food is carried out by teeth.

Answer 7

Chapter 38.4, Problem 9SAQ

Summary Introduction

To determine:

What structures in vertebrates are similar to gizzard that break food mechanically?

Introduction:

Digestion is defined as the process which involves the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small water soluble and absorbable form to absorb all the nutrients from food that are required for the proper growth and development and also promotes the removal of waste out of the body through process of excretion.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The breakdown of food in invertebrates such as fishes, reptile, birds, and earthworms is carried out by gizzard which is composed of muscular walls in the digestive tract and helps in grinding of ingested rock or sediment into smaller pieces to make it for digestion.

Similarly in vertebrates, the breakdown of ingested food is carried out by teeth. The ingested food is first breakdown into smaller forms by chewing so that all the nutrients from a food are absorbed by the body.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Gizzard in invertebrates helps in breakdown of sediments and rocks ingested by earthworms, fish, reptiles and birds into smaller forms while in vertebrates breakdown of food is carried out by teeth.

Answer 12

Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 1SAQ Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2SAQ Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 3SAQ Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 4SAQ Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 5SAQ Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 6SAQ Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 7SAQ Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 8SAQ Ch. 38.4 - Prob. 9SAQ Ch. 38.4 - Prob. 10SAQ

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