The way in which panic disorders’ response is controlled and why is such control impractical. Introduction: The fight or flight response is controlled by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In panic disorders, the patients have a fight or flight response to inappropriate stimuli. Controlling these responses is a way of controlling the panic disorder itself.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way in which panic disorders’ response is controlled and why is such control impractical.

Introduction:

The fight or flight response is controlled by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In panic disorders, the patients have a fight or flight response to inappropriate stimuli. Controlling these responses is a way of controlling the panic disorder itself.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

A way to control the inappropriate responses in panic disorders is to use drugs that are antagonistic to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

The sympathetic nervous system, which results in flight or fight, uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter. If drugs are used to inhibit these neurotransmitters, the activity of the sympathetic system can be curbed as impulses would not pass along the neurons. As a result, the inappropriate responses to stimuli would not occur and the panic disorder would be controlled.

However, this has its side effects as it shuts down the complete sympathetic system. Other than the fight and flight situations, it functions in other areas too. Like the increased heart rate to compensate the energy needed while exercising is a doing of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, such drugs would cause an overall harm to the person.

Hence, controlling the responses in panic disorder is quite impractical.

Another way of treating the panic disorder is to enhance the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as its functioning is antagonistic to the sympathetic nervous system. However, it is marred by the same impracticality as excess of parasympathetic activity will cause harm to the body by inhibiting the whole sympathetic system.

Conclusion

Anti-norepinephrine drugs or acetylcholine (neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system) enhancing drug can be used to control the inappropriate responses experienced in panic disorders. However, these solutions are often impractical as they shut down the sympathetic nervous system (which is needed in many other functions than just panic response) completely.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…

The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way in which panic disorders’ response is controlled and why is such control impractical.

Introduction:

The fight or flight response is controlled by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In panic disorders, the patients have a fight or flight response to inappropriate stimuli. Controlling these responses is a way of controlling the panic disorder itself.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

A way to control the inappropriate responses in panic disorders is to use drugs that are antagonistic to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

The sympathetic nervous system, which results in flight or fight, uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter. If drugs are used to inhibit these neurotransmitters, the activity of the sympathetic system can be curbed as impulses would not pass along the neurons. As a result, the inappropriate responses to stimuli would not occur and the panic disorder would be controlled.

However, this has its side effects as it shuts down the complete sympathetic system. Other than the fight and flight situations, it functions in other areas too. Like the increased heart rate to compensate the energy needed while exercising is a doing of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, such drugs would cause an overall harm to the person.

Hence, controlling the responses in panic disorder is quite impractical.

Another way of treating the panic disorder is to enhance the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as its functioning is antagonistic to the sympathetic nervous system. However, it is marred by the same impracticality as excess of parasympathetic activity will cause harm to the body by inhibiting the whole sympathetic system.

Conclusion

Anti-norepinephrine drugs or acetylcholine (neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system) enhancing drug can be used to control the inappropriate responses experienced in panic disorders. However, these solutions are often impractical as they shut down the sympathetic nervous system (which is needed in many other functions than just panic response) completely.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way in which panic disorders’ response is controlled and why is such control impractical.

Introduction:

The fight or flight response is controlled by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In panic disorders, the patients have a fight or flight response to inappropriate stimuli. Controlling these responses is a way of controlling the panic disorder itself.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

A way to control the inappropriate responses in panic disorders is to use drugs that are antagonistic to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

The sympathetic nervous system, which results in flight or fight, uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter. If drugs are used to inhibit these neurotransmitters, the activity of the sympathetic system can be curbed as impulses would not pass along the neurons. As a result, the inappropriate responses to stimuli would not occur and the panic disorder would be controlled.

However, this has its side effects as it shuts down the complete sympathetic system. Other than the fight and flight situations, it functions in other areas too. Like the increased heart rate to compensate the energy needed while exercising is a doing of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, such drugs would cause an overall harm to the person.

Hence, controlling the responses in panic disorder is quite impractical.

Another way of treating the panic disorder is to enhance the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as its functioning is antagonistic to the sympathetic nervous system. However, it is marred by the same impracticality as excess of parasympathetic activity will cause harm to the body by inhibiting the whole sympathetic system.

Conclusion

Anti-norepinephrine drugs or acetylcholine (neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system) enhancing drug can be used to control the inappropriate responses experienced in panic disorders. However, these solutions are often impractical as they shut down the sympathetic nervous system (which is needed in many other functions than just panic response) completely.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way in which panic disorders’ response is controlled and why is such control impractical.

Introduction:

The fight or flight response is controlled by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In panic disorders, the patients have a fight or flight response to inappropriate stimuli. Controlling these responses is a way of controlling the panic disorder itself.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

A way to control the inappropriate responses in panic disorders is to use drugs that are antagonistic to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

The sympathetic nervous system, which results in flight or fight, uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter. If drugs are used to inhibit these neurotransmitters, the activity of the sympathetic system can be curbed as impulses would not pass along the neurons. As a result, the inappropriate responses to stimuli would not occur and the panic disorder would be controlled.

However, this has its side effects as it shuts down the complete sympathetic system. Other than the fight and flight situations, it functions in other areas too. Like the increased heart rate to compensate the energy needed while exercising is a doing of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, such drugs would cause an overall harm to the person.

Hence, controlling the responses in panic disorder is quite impractical.

Another way of treating the panic disorder is to enhance the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as its functioning is antagonistic to the sympathetic nervous system. However, it is marred by the same impracticality as excess of parasympathetic activity will cause harm to the body by inhibiting the whole sympathetic system.

Conclusion

Anti-norepinephrine drugs or acetylcholine (neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system) enhancing drug can be used to control the inappropriate responses experienced in panic disorders. However, these solutions are often impractical as they shut down the sympathetic nervous system (which is needed in many other functions than just panic response) completely.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 37, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way in which panic disorders’ response is controlled and why is such control impractical.

Introduction:

The fight or flight response is controlled by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In panic disorders, the patients have a fight or flight response to inappropriate stimuli. Controlling these responses is a way of controlling the panic disorder itself.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

A way to control the inappropriate responses in panic disorders is to use drugs that are antagonistic to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

The sympathetic nervous system, which results in flight or fight, uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter. If drugs are used to inhibit these neurotransmitters, the activity of the sympathetic system can be curbed as impulses would not pass along the neurons. As a result, the inappropriate responses to stimuli would not occur and the panic disorder would be controlled.

However, this has its side effects as it shuts down the complete sympathetic system. Other than the fight and flight situations, it functions in other areas too. Like the increased heart rate to compensate the energy needed while exercising is a doing of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, such drugs would cause an overall harm to the person.

Hence, controlling the responses in panic disorder is quite impractical.

Another way of treating the panic disorder is to enhance the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as its functioning is antagonistic to the sympathetic nervous system. However, it is marred by the same impracticality as excess of parasympathetic activity will cause harm to the body by inhibiting the whole sympathetic system.

Conclusion

Anti-norepinephrine drugs or acetylcholine (neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system) enhancing drug can be used to control the inappropriate responses experienced in panic disorders. However, these solutions are often impractical as they shut down the sympathetic nervous system (which is needed in many other functions than just panic response) completely.

Answer 6

Chapter 37, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way in which panic disorders’ response is controlled and why is such control impractical.

Introduction:

The fight or flight response is controlled by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In panic disorders, the patients have a fight or flight response to inappropriate stimuli. Controlling these responses is a way of controlling the panic disorder itself.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

A way to control the inappropriate responses in panic disorders is to use drugs that are antagonistic to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

The sympathetic nervous system, which results in flight or fight, uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter. If drugs are used to inhibit these neurotransmitters, the activity of the sympathetic system can be curbed as impulses would not pass along the neurons. As a result, the inappropriate responses to stimuli would not occur and the panic disorder would be controlled.

However, this has its side effects as it shuts down the complete sympathetic system. Other than the fight and flight situations, it functions in other areas too. Like the increased heart rate to compensate the energy needed while exercising is a doing of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, such drugs would cause an overall harm to the person.

Hence, controlling the responses in panic disorder is quite impractical.

Another way of treating the panic disorder is to enhance the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as its functioning is antagonistic to the sympathetic nervous system. However, it is marred by the same impracticality as excess of parasympathetic activity will cause harm to the body by inhibiting the whole sympathetic system.

Conclusion

Anti-norepinephrine drugs or acetylcholine (neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system) enhancing drug can be used to control the inappropriate responses experienced in panic disorders. However, these solutions are often impractical as they shut down the sympathetic nervous system (which is needed in many other functions than just panic response) completely.

Answer 7

Chapter 37, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The way in which panic disorders’ response is controlled and why is such control impractical.

Introduction:

The fight or flight response is controlled by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In panic disorders, the patients have a fight or flight response to inappropriate stimuli. Controlling these responses is a way of controlling the panic disorder itself.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

A way to control the inappropriate responses in panic disorders is to use drugs that are antagonistic to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

The sympathetic nervous system, which results in flight or fight, uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter. If drugs are used to inhibit these neurotransmitters, the activity of the sympathetic system can be curbed as impulses would not pass along the neurons. As a result, the inappropriate responses to stimuli would not occur and the panic disorder would be controlled.

However, this has its side effects as it shuts down the complete sympathetic system. Other than the fight and flight situations, it functions in other areas too. Like the increased heart rate to compensate the energy needed while exercising is a doing of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, such drugs would cause an overall harm to the person.

Hence, controlling the responses in panic disorder is quite impractical.

Another way of treating the panic disorder is to enhance the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system as its functioning is antagonistic to the sympathetic nervous system. However, it is marred by the same impracticality as excess of parasympathetic activity will cause harm to the body by inhibiting the whole sympathetic system.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Anti-norepinephrine drugs or acetylcholine (neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system) enhancing drug can be used to control the inappropriate responses experienced in panic disorders. However, these solutions are often impractical as they shut down the sympathetic nervous system (which is needed in many other functions than just panic response) completely.

Answer 12

Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1BS.1QC Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1BS.2QC Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1BS.3QC Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 1NS.1QC Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 1NS.2QC

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 37 Solutions