Role of
Explanation of Solution
There are many people suffering a lot in the situation of extreme poverty. Growth by itself is not enough to improve their life conditions, because, economic growth mainly focus on the allocation of resources for the growth in real
When more resources are allocated to economic growth, poverty rates will decline at a particular level. However, after that point, further allocation of resources for the reduction in poverty would become more difficult and has only smaller impact on poverty reduction due to the presence of several problems of extreme poverty. The concept of increasing
Concept introduction:
Extreme poverty: Extreme poverty is a situation where people lack basic human needs such as food, clothes, shelter, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, education, and information.
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Chapter 35 Solutions
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
- According to World Bank (2012), in Ethiopia, the poorest 20 percent of population received 9.3 percent of income or consumption and the richest 20 percent of population received 39.4 percent of income or consumption; in South Africa, the poorest 20 percent of population received 2.7 percent of income or consumption and the richest 20 percent of population received 68.2 percent of income or consumption. What conclusion can we reach based on the above statistics?arrow_forwardThe Importance of Productivity Two well-known economists, William Baumol and Alan Blinder, have stated that, in the long run, “nothing contributes more to reduction of poverty, to increases in leisure, and to the country’s ability to finance education, public health, environmental improvement and the arts” (1991, 356) than the rate of growth of productivity. 1. Define productivity. 2. See if you can verify Baumol and Blinder’s very strong claim (“nothing contributes more ...”) through the following exercise. Assume GDP in the United States is $10 trillion and that the labor force remains constant in size and fully employed. Estimate the value of GDP in one year’s time if productivity growth is 3%. What if it were only 2%? How much will GDP fall in two years’ time if productivity growth remains at 2% rather than 3%? In three years? 3. Why might environmental regulation reduce productivity growth? 4. Why might it increase…arrow_forwardIn Chapter 11, Tietenberg and Lewis note that market imperfections are a major cause of unsustainable development. What are some examples of market imperfections that hamper efforts to achieve sustainable development? Do such imperfections always lead to unsustainable outcomes? What are some economic incentive policies that might facilitate a transition from unsustainable to sustainable activities?arrow_forward
- Billions of people in the world make two dollars a day or less. In fact, a billion people make less than one dollar a day. In such places, a loan of $100 or $200 makes a huge difference. That's where microloans from organizations such as Opportunity International come in. Opportunity International is an organization that grants microloans to people, mostly women, in developing countries so they can invest in a business. Those investments often lead to community growth and employment, and help the owners, themselves, to prosper on a moderate scale. The borrowers must pay back the money with interest—when they do, they can borrow more and keep growing. Opportunity International, unlike some other microlending organizations, also provides a banking function where entrepreneurs can safely put their money. They can also buy some insurance to protect themselves against loss. Opportunity International helps over a million people in over 28 countries, giving them the opportunity to change…arrow_forwardThe following table shows levels of real income per person in several economies during the years 1960 and 2010. The table further shows the average annual growth rate for each economy over this time period. For instance, real income per person in Senegal was $1,567 in 1960, and it actually declined to $1,480 by 2010. Senegal's average annual growth rate during this period was -0.11%, and it featured the lowest level of real income per person of any economy listed in the table in the year 2010. The levels of real income per person are reported in U.S. dollars using a base year of 2005. The following exercises will provide insight into the different growth experiences of these nations. Questions: 1. This economy experienced the fastest rate of growth in real income per person from 1960 to 2010. a. Austria b. China c. France d. India e. Senegal f. Singapore 2. This economy had the highest level of real income per person in the year 2010. a. Austria b. China c. France d. India e.…arrow_forwardIn the 1990s, developed countries agreed to double their aid to Africa by 2015. A report by the United Nations conference on Trade and Development noted that sceptics had raised concerns about how much effect the doubling of aid would have on output and incomes in Africa, if the quantity of other inputs such as human capacity and institutions were to remain fixed. It also pointed to the divisions between the sceptics with some suggesting the return would diminish when aid reached only 4% of GDP, while others thought they would diminish only when it had reached 50%. It should be added that even if the returns do begin to diminish, they could still be very important.In 1887, Cecil Rhodes created the De Beers Consolidated mines Company, which controlled about 90% of the total world supply of rough uncut diamonds with its South African mines. Until 2001, De Beers produced about half of the world’s diamonds in its mines and marketed about 80% of the world’s diamonds. Diamond producing…arrow_forward
- A key theme of criticism of globalization is that it seems to unfairly reward the rich and punish the poor. One way to think about this is to look at the issue of income inequality. Technically, income inequality is the unequal distribution of household or individual income across the various participants in an economy. Income inequality is often presented as the percentage of income to a percentage of population. For example, a statistic may indicate that 70% of a country's income is controlled by 20% of that country's residents. Work on income inequality in the USA shows the change in income between 1980 and 2014 for every point on the distribution of people in terms of income percentile that is, we can track the changing distribution of income, from the poorest person to the richest person over that time span. As seen in the chart below, it’s mostly flat and close to zero, before spiking upward at the end—as such, some say it resembles a classic hockey-stick graph. Based on this…arrow_forwardMention two factors which cause the rapid growth in population in South Africaarrow_forwardThe red budget line depicts China in 1980 before there was any Communist Party policy about the number of children a Chinese woman could choose to have. Between 1980 and 2020, Chinese wages and GDP per capita (income) increased due to the abandonment of a Communist/Socialist economic system and a partial movement toward a free market capitalist system. The rotation from the red to the blue budget line depicts higher wages and the increased GDP per capita that resulted. China's One Child Policy All Other Goods (Income) 15K IC6 4K IC, 2020 IC3 1980 8. 1 4 Children (Fertility Rate)arrow_forward
- An IAC (industrially advanced country) had a per capita income of $28,200, while a DVC (developing country) had a per capita income of $1,200 in a given year. If both countries experience a per-capita-income growth of 5 percent, then the per-capita-income gap one year later will be $28,350. $29,400. $27,000. $350.arrow_forwardThe following table shows levels of real income per person in several economies during the years 1960 and 2010. The table further shows the average annual growth rate for each economy over this time period. For instance, real income per person in Niger was $945 in 1960, and it actually declined to $570 by 2010. Niger's average annual growth rate during this period was -1.01%, and it featured the lowest level of real income per person of any economy listed in the table in the year 2010. The levels of real income per person are reported in U.S. dollars using a base year of 2005. The following exercises will provide insight into the different growth experiences of these nations. Economy Canada United Kingdom Korea Hong Kong Guatemala Niger Indicate which economy satisfies each of the following statements. Statement This economy experienced the fastest rate of growth in real income per person from 1960 to 2010. Real Income per Person in 1960 Real Income per Person in 2010 (Dollars)…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? 1) Economic growth always reduces inequality. 2) Economic growth always reduces poverty. 3) Economic growth is ineffective in reducing both poverty and inequality. 4) Economic growth can reduce poverty only if it is not associated with a significant rise in inequality.arrow_forward
- Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...EconomicsISBN:9781305506756Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage LearningEconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Cou...EconomicsISBN:9781305506725Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage Learning