BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS(EBK+AHIEVE)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319230203
Author: Morris
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 34.3, Problem 7SAQ
Summary Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a chronic illness of the central nervous system (CNS). In general, MS is unpredictable and leads to nerve damage. As a result, communication between the brain and the body is disrupted. Symptoms of MS include pain, vision loss, and impaired coordination.
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Cystic fibrosis is a degenerative disease that causes the progressive breakdown of the
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Which of the following best describes the likely effect of cystic fibrosis on neuronal
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A
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an inhibition in the release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal
a decrease in the conduction speed of the action potential along neuronal axons
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Demyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement.
Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.
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Chapter 34 Solutions
BIOLOGY: HOW LIFE WORKS(EBK+AHIEVE)
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- Which of the following glial cells provide myelin in the central nervous system?arrow_forwardIn multiple sclerosis, nerve fibers in the CNS lose their myelin. Explain why this loss affects skeletal muscle function.arrow_forwardA general principle of physiology states that homeostasis is essential for health and survival. In what ways might the presence of myelincontribute to homeostasis?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true regarding the difference between graded and action potentials? a.) Action potential occur only when the surface of the neuron is myelinated, but graded potentials occur in both in both myelinated and non-myelinated neurons. b.) The magnitude of action potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas graded potentials are all or none. c.) The magnitude of graded potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas action potentials are all or none.arrow_forwardMultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. What type of cell would be the most likely target of this disease? Why? Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best suited for relaying information directly from one neuron to another? Explain why. Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “afferent.” Motor fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “efferent.” What can you infer about the meaning of these two terms (afferent and efferent) in a structural or anatomical context?arrow_forwardThis is a biology question regarding nerve impulses. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a condition where tumours can grow in the nerves near the skin. The growth of tumours prevents the action potentials from quickly travelling through the neurons. Identify the nerve structure from the image below and the division of the nervous system affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. CNS = Central Nervous System PNS = Peripheral Nervous System Select one: a. Nerve Structure Division of Nervous System 3 PNS b. Nerve Structure Division of Nervous System 4 CNS c. Nerve Structure Division of Nervous System 5 PNS d. Nerve Structure Division of Nervous System 1 CNSarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleftarrow_forwardNeurons, particularly those in the brain, receive multiple excitatory and inhibitory signals. What is the name of the extension of the neuron at which such signals are received? How does the neuron integrate these signals to determine whether or not to generate an action potential?arrow_forwardHow do neurotransmitters directly affect the postsynaptic neuron? A)They cause a change in the electrical potential, exciting the neuron and causing it to fire b)They cause a change in the electrical potential, either exciting or inhibiting the next neuron. C)They cause a change in the electrical potential, inhibiting the neuron and stopping it from fi d)They connect with the appropriate receptor on the postsynaptic neuronarrow_forward
- Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria that produces a toxin. The toxin is deadly to most animals, because it prevents vesicle movement inside the axons of motor neurons. If a person were to consume food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, which of the following would most likely occur? flaccid paralysis because their motor neurons would not be able to conduct action potentials along their axons. spastic paralysis because their motor neurons would release too much acetylcholine at the synapse with a muscle fiber spastic paralysis because their motor neurons would conduct too many action potentials along their axons. flaccid paralysis because their motor neurons would not be able to release acetylcholine at the synapse with a muscle fiberarrow_forwardIn Neurology, please explain the relationship between suprathreshold depolarization and induced electrical neuro transmission. Is suprathreshold depolarization essential for inducing the electrical transmission?please explain in a few sentences.arrow_forwardIn a nerve cell, the function of the myelin is to Group of answer choices 1. increase the speed at which nerve impulses are carried away from the cell body. 2. receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body. 3. support and nourish the neuron. 4. attach the neuron to connective tissue. 5. conduct impulses away from the cell body.arrow_forward
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