The advantages and disadvantages of having only innate immunity in primitive organism such as invertebrates that lacks more specific antibody and cell mediated immunity. Introduction: The immune system of an organism provides the defense mechanism to fight against the foreign invaders including bacteria, viruses, and other toxins. The living organisms possess two types of immunity which includes: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. Innate immunity develops naturally in an organism and it is a non-specific type of immunity.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The advantages and disadvantages of having only innate immunity in primitive organism such as invertebrates that lacks more specific antibody and cell mediated immunity.

Introduction:

The immune system of an organism provides the defense mechanism to fight against the foreign invaders including bacteria, viruses, and other toxins. The living organisms possess two types of immunity which includes: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. Innate immunity develops naturally in an organism and it is a non-specific type of immunity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The primitive organisms such as invertebrates possess the components and mechanism of innate immunity, their body lacks lymphocytes and thus lacks an adaptive immune system. The evolution process in the organism results in the formation of more complex immune system. Vertebrates are the first who gained the most complex immune system.

The advantage of having only innate immune system to the organism that lack an adaptive immune system is that the innate immunity provides protection against a wider range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and environmental toxins, which they experienced commonly. The innate immune responses are expressed very fast and thus they are important for the survival of organism.

The disadvantages of having only innate immune system are that the organism is not able to respond to a specific antigen. The innate immune system also lacks a memory component which results in continuous exposure of the same antigen. The innate immune immunity includes a non specific immune response. It will not respond to a novel antigen and makes the entire population at risk. It is not able to produce antibodies as it lacks lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The innate immunity has advantages as well as disadvantages in the organism that do not possess adaptive immune responses. The innate immunity comes naturally and protects the organism from bacterial infection, viral infection and other toxins present in environment.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO2 level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO2 triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?

foraging/diet type teeth tongue stomach intestines cecum Insectivory numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew -- simple short mostly lacking Myrmecophagy absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater extremely long simple, often roughened short small or lacking Terrestrial carnivory sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog -- simple short small Aquatic carnivory homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin -- simple or multichambered (cetaceans only) variable small or absent Sanguinivory very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat grooved tubular, highly extensible long small or lacking Herbivory (except nectivores) incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver -- simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants) long large Filter feeding none…

3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 པར『ན་ cm 30 Species B 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 cm 10 Species C 0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3 020

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The advantages and disadvantages of having only innate immunity in primitive organism such as invertebrates that lacks more specific antibody and cell mediated immunity.

Introduction:

The immune system of an organism provides the defense mechanism to fight against the foreign invaders including bacteria, viruses, and other toxins. The living organisms possess two types of immunity which includes: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. Innate immunity develops naturally in an organism and it is a non-specific type of immunity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The primitive organisms such as invertebrates possess the components and mechanism of innate immunity, their body lacks lymphocytes and thus lacks an adaptive immune system. The evolution process in the organism results in the formation of more complex immune system. Vertebrates are the first who gained the most complex immune system.

The advantage of having only innate immune system to the organism that lack an adaptive immune system is that the innate immunity provides protection against a wider range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and environmental toxins, which they experienced commonly. The innate immune responses are expressed very fast and thus they are important for the survival of organism.

The disadvantages of having only innate immune system are that the organism is not able to respond to a specific antigen. The innate immune system also lacks a memory component which results in continuous exposure of the same antigen. The innate immune immunity includes a non specific immune response. It will not respond to a novel antigen and makes the entire population at risk. It is not able to produce antibodies as it lacks lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The innate immunity has advantages as well as disadvantages in the organism that do not possess adaptive immune responses. The innate immunity comes naturally and protects the organism from bacterial infection, viral infection and other toxins present in environment.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The advantages and disadvantages of having only innate immunity in primitive organism such as invertebrates that lacks more specific antibody and cell mediated immunity.

Introduction:

The immune system of an organism provides the defense mechanism to fight against the foreign invaders including bacteria, viruses, and other toxins. The living organisms possess two types of immunity which includes: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. Innate immunity develops naturally in an organism and it is a non-specific type of immunity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The primitive organisms such as invertebrates possess the components and mechanism of innate immunity, their body lacks lymphocytes and thus lacks an adaptive immune system. The evolution process in the organism results in the formation of more complex immune system. Vertebrates are the first who gained the most complex immune system.

The advantage of having only innate immune system to the organism that lack an adaptive immune system is that the innate immunity provides protection against a wider range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and environmental toxins, which they experienced commonly. The innate immune responses are expressed very fast and thus they are important for the survival of organism.

The disadvantages of having only innate immune system are that the organism is not able to respond to a specific antigen. The innate immune system also lacks a memory component which results in continuous exposure of the same antigen. The innate immune immunity includes a non specific immune response. It will not respond to a novel antigen and makes the entire population at risk. It is not able to produce antibodies as it lacks lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The innate immunity has advantages as well as disadvantages in the organism that do not possess adaptive immune responses. The innate immunity comes naturally and protects the organism from bacterial infection, viral infection and other toxins present in environment.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The advantages and disadvantages of having only innate immunity in primitive organism such as invertebrates that lacks more specific antibody and cell mediated immunity.

Introduction:

The immune system of an organism provides the defense mechanism to fight against the foreign invaders including bacteria, viruses, and other toxins. The living organisms possess two types of immunity which includes: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. Innate immunity develops naturally in an organism and it is a non-specific type of immunity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The primitive organisms such as invertebrates possess the components and mechanism of innate immunity, their body lacks lymphocytes and thus lacks an adaptive immune system. The evolution process in the organism results in the formation of more complex immune system. Vertebrates are the first who gained the most complex immune system.

The advantage of having only innate immune system to the organism that lack an adaptive immune system is that the innate immunity provides protection against a wider range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and environmental toxins, which they experienced commonly. The innate immune responses are expressed very fast and thus they are important for the survival of organism.

The disadvantages of having only innate immune system are that the organism is not able to respond to a specific antigen. The innate immune system also lacks a memory component which results in continuous exposure of the same antigen. The innate immune immunity includes a non specific immune response. It will not respond to a novel antigen and makes the entire population at risk. It is not able to produce antibodies as it lacks lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The innate immunity has advantages as well as disadvantages in the organism that do not possess adaptive immune responses. The innate immunity comes naturally and protects the organism from bacterial infection, viral infection and other toxins present in environment.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 33, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The advantages and disadvantages of having only innate immunity in primitive organism such as invertebrates that lacks more specific antibody and cell mediated immunity.

Introduction:

The immune system of an organism provides the defense mechanism to fight against the foreign invaders including bacteria, viruses, and other toxins. The living organisms possess two types of immunity which includes: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. Innate immunity develops naturally in an organism and it is a non-specific type of immunity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The primitive organisms such as invertebrates possess the components and mechanism of innate immunity, their body lacks lymphocytes and thus lacks an adaptive immune system. The evolution process in the organism results in the formation of more complex immune system. Vertebrates are the first who gained the most complex immune system.

The advantage of having only innate immune system to the organism that lack an adaptive immune system is that the innate immunity provides protection against a wider range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and environmental toxins, which they experienced commonly. The innate immune responses are expressed very fast and thus they are important for the survival of organism.

The disadvantages of having only innate immune system are that the organism is not able to respond to a specific antigen. The innate immune system also lacks a memory component which results in continuous exposure of the same antigen. The innate immune immunity includes a non specific immune response. It will not respond to a novel antigen and makes the entire population at risk. It is not able to produce antibodies as it lacks lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The innate immunity has advantages as well as disadvantages in the organism that do not possess adaptive immune responses. The innate immunity comes naturally and protects the organism from bacterial infection, viral infection and other toxins present in environment.

Answer 6

Chapter 33, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The advantages and disadvantages of having only innate immunity in primitive organism such as invertebrates that lacks more specific antibody and cell mediated immunity.

Introduction:

The immune system of an organism provides the defense mechanism to fight against the foreign invaders including bacteria, viruses, and other toxins. The living organisms possess two types of immunity which includes: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. Innate immunity develops naturally in an organism and it is a non-specific type of immunity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The primitive organisms such as invertebrates possess the components and mechanism of innate immunity, their body lacks lymphocytes and thus lacks an adaptive immune system. The evolution process in the organism results in the formation of more complex immune system. Vertebrates are the first who gained the most complex immune system.

The advantage of having only innate immune system to the organism that lack an adaptive immune system is that the innate immunity provides protection against a wider range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and environmental toxins, which they experienced commonly. The innate immune responses are expressed very fast and thus they are important for the survival of organism.

The disadvantages of having only innate immune system are that the organism is not able to respond to a specific antigen. The innate immune system also lacks a memory component which results in continuous exposure of the same antigen. The innate immune immunity includes a non specific immune response. It will not respond to a novel antigen and makes the entire population at risk. It is not able to produce antibodies as it lacks lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The innate immunity has advantages as well as disadvantages in the organism that do not possess adaptive immune responses. The innate immunity comes naturally and protects the organism from bacterial infection, viral infection and other toxins present in environment.

Answer 7

Chapter 33, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The advantages and disadvantages of having only innate immunity in primitive organism such as invertebrates that lacks more specific antibody and cell mediated immunity.

Introduction:

The immune system of an organism provides the defense mechanism to fight against the foreign invaders including bacteria, viruses, and other toxins. The living organisms possess two types of immunity which includes: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. Innate immunity develops naturally in an organism and it is a non-specific type of immunity.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The primitive organisms such as invertebrates possess the components and mechanism of innate immunity, their body lacks lymphocytes and thus lacks an adaptive immune system. The evolution process in the organism results in the formation of more complex immune system. Vertebrates are the first who gained the most complex immune system.

The advantage of having only innate immune system to the organism that lack an adaptive immune system is that the innate immunity provides protection against a wider range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and environmental toxins, which they experienced commonly. The innate immune responses are expressed very fast and thus they are important for the survival of organism.

The disadvantages of having only innate immune system are that the organism is not able to respond to a specific antigen. The innate immune system also lacks a memory component which results in continuous exposure of the same antigen. The innate immune immunity includes a non specific immune response. It will not respond to a novel antigen and makes the entire population at risk. It is not able to produce antibodies as it lacks lymphocytes.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

The innate immunity has advantages as well as disadvantages in the organism that do not possess adaptive immune responses. The innate immunity comes naturally and protects the organism from bacterial infection, viral infection and other toxins present in environment.

Answer 12

Ch. 33.1 - Describe the function of sentinel cells in...Ch. 33.1 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 33.1 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 33.2 - Distinguish between the lymphatic and circulatory...Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 4CYP

Concept explainers

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 33 Solutions