Whether green algae, bryophytes , and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic. Concept introduction: A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

foraging/diet type teeth tongue stomach intestines cecum Insectivory numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew -- simple short mostly lacking Myrmecophagy absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater extremely long simple, often roughened short small or lacking Terrestrial carnivory sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog -- simple short small Aquatic carnivory homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin -- simple or multichambered (cetaceans only) variable small or absent Sanguinivory very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat grooved tubular, highly extensible long small or lacking Herbivory (except nectivores) incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver -- simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants) long large Filter feeding none…

3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 པར『ན་ cm 30 Species B 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 cm 10 Species C 0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3 020

3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AIL

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

Answer 6

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

Answer 7

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.