Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321994936
Author: Ted R. Johnson, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 33, Problem 1Q
What was the purpose of the balloon on the glucose—yeast extract broth bottle?
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To write:
The purpose of the balloon on the glucose-yeast extract broth bottle.
Introduction:
Glucose-yeast extract broth is the medium for the cultivation and the maintenance of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus sp., Clavibacter, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas fluroscens and Serratia marrescens as well as the yeast species. It is soluble in water.
Explanation of Solution
Glucose-yeast extract method is used for the detection of presence of the yeast in the given sample. Samples, warm water, sugar, balloon and an empty bottle is required for performing the test. Yeast produces carbon dioxide after metabolizing glucose.
A balloon is used for the detection of the presence of the yeast as after metabolizing the glucose, yeast will release carbon dioxide. The yeast consumes the sugar as food and produces carbon dioxide gas as there is no space for the gas in the broth. The balloon is placed at the mouth of the bottle. It acts an airlock keeping the contamination out while allowing the carbon dioxide produced to go somewhere else.
Conclusion
Thus, the purpose of the balloon on the glucose-yeast extract broth bottle is to keep the contaminants out and allow the carbon dioxide gas to go somewhere else.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 33 Solutions
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
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