Physics (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976444
Author: James S. Walker
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 32, Problem 43PCE
(a)
To determine
The percentage of
38 90 Sr 50.0 y
(b)
To determine
The percentage of
38 90 Sr 60.0 y
(c)
To determine
The percentage of
38 90 Sr 70.0 y
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The radioactive cobalt isotope, 60Co, has an half-life of 63 months and undergoes decay. The molar massof 60Co is 59.9338222 amu. A sample initially contains 48 mg of 60Co.(a) Calculate the number of moles of 60Co that are left in the sample after 5.0 years. (4)(b) Calculate the activity of 60Co after 5.0 years, in units of per month (month1).
A rear molar from a mammoth skeleton is dated using a measurement of its 14C content. Carbon from the tooth is chemically extracted and formed into benzene. The benzene sample is placed in a shielded chamber. Decays from the sample come at an average rate of 11.5 counts per minute. A modern benzene sample of the exact same size gives 54.9 counts per minute. What is the age of the skeleton?
A.
B.
Use the worked example above to help you solve this problem. The half-life of the radioactive nucleus
226 Ra
is 1.6× 10³ yr. If a sample initially contains 3.34 x 1016 such nuclei, determine the following:
88
(a) the initial activity in curies
μCi
(b) the number of radium nuclei remaining after 4.5x 10³ yr
nuclei
(c) the activity at this later time
μCi
Use the values from PRACTICE IT to help you work this exercise.
(a) Find the number of remaining radium nuclei after 3.10 x 10³ yr.
N =
nuclei
(b) Find the activity at this time.
R =
μCi
Chapter 32 Solutions
Physics (5th Edition)
Ch. 32.1 - Prob. 1EYUCh. 32.2 - A given nucleus can decay by alpha decay, beta...Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 3EYUCh. 32.4 - Prob. 4EYUCh. 32.5 - Prob. 5EYUCh. 32.6 - Prob. 6EYUCh. 32.7 - Prob. 7EYUCh. 32.8 - Prob. 8EYUCh. 32.9 - Prob. 9EYUCh. 32 - Prob. 1CQ
Ch. 32 - Prob. 2CQCh. 32 - Prob. 3CQCh. 32 - Prob. 4CQCh. 32 - Prob. 5CQCh. 32 - Prob. 6CQCh. 32 - Prob. 7CQCh. 32 - Prob. 8CQCh. 32 - Prob. 9CQCh. 32 - Prob. 1PCECh. 32 - Prob. 2PCECh. 32 - Prob. 3PCECh. 32 - Prob. 4PCECh. 32 - Prob. 5PCECh. 32 - Prob. 6PCECh. 32 - Prob. 7PCECh. 32 - Prob. 8PCECh. 32 - Prob. 9PCECh. 32 - Prob. 10PCECh. 32 - Prob. 11PCECh. 32 - Prob. 12PCECh. 32 - Prob. 13PCECh. 32 - Prob. 14PCECh. 32 - Prob. 15PCECh. 32 - Prob. 16PCECh. 32 - Prob. 17PCECh. 32 - Prob. 18PCECh. 32 - Prob. 19PCECh. 32 - Prob. 20PCECh. 32 - Prob. 21PCECh. 32 - Prob. 22PCECh. 32 - Prob. 23PCECh. 32 - Prob. 24PCECh. 32 - Prob. 25PCECh. 32 - Prob. 26PCECh. 32 - Prob. 27PCECh. 32 - Prob. 28PCECh. 32 - Suppose we were to discover that the ratio of...Ch. 32 - A radioactive sample is placed in a closed...Ch. 32 - Radon gas has a half-life of 3.82 d. What is the...Ch. 32 - Prob. 32PCECh. 32 - The number of radioactive nuclei in a particular...Ch. 32 - Prob. 34PCECh. 32 - Prob. 35PCECh. 32 - Prob. 36PCECh. 32 - Prob. 37PCECh. 32 - Prob. 38PCECh. 32 - Prob. 39PCECh. 32 - Prob. 40PCECh. 32 - Prob. 41PCECh. 32 - Prob. 42PCECh. 32 - Prob. 43PCECh. 32 - Prob. 44PCECh. 32 - Prob. 45PCECh. 32 - Prob. 46PCECh. 32 - Prob. 47PCECh. 32 - Prob. 48PCECh. 32 - Prob. 49PCECh. 32 - Prob. 50PCECh. 32 - Prob. 51PCECh. 32 - Prob. 52PCECh. 32 - Prob. 53PCECh. 32 - Prob. 54PCECh. 32 - Prob. 55PCECh. 32 - Consider a fusion reaction in which two deuterium...Ch. 32 - Prob. 57PCECh. 32 - Prob. 58PCECh. 32 - Prob. 59PCECh. 32 - Prob. 60PCECh. 32 - Prob. 61PCECh. 32 - Prob. 62PCECh. 32 - Prob. 63PCECh. 32 - Prob. 64PCECh. 32 - Prob. 65PCECh. 32 - Prob. 66PCECh. 32 - Prob. 67PCECh. 32 - Prob. 68GPCh. 32 - Prob. 69GPCh. 32 - Prob. 70GPCh. 32 - Prob. 71GPCh. 32 - Prob. 72GPCh. 32 - Prob. 73GPCh. 32 - Moon Rocks In one of the rocks brought back from...Ch. 32 - Prob. 75GPCh. 32 - Prob. 76GPCh. 32 - Prob. 77GPCh. 32 - Prob. 78GPCh. 32 - Prob. 79GPCh. 32 - Prob. 80GPCh. 32 - Prob. 81GPCh. 32 - Prob. 82GPCh. 32 - Prob. 83GPCh. 32 - Prob. 84GPCh. 32 - Prob. 85GPCh. 32 - Prob. 86GPCh. 32 - Prob. 87GPCh. 32 - Prob. 88GPCh. 32 - Prob. 89PPCh. 32 - Prob. 90PPCh. 32 - Prob. 91PP
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- Data from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Show that the activity of the 14C in 1.00 g of 12C found in living tissue is 0.250 Bq.arrow_forwardWhat is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy xray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5 mGy of exposure?arrow_forwardCalculate the dose in Sv to the chest at a patient given an xray under the following conditions. The xray beam intensity is 1.50 W/m2, the area of the chest exposed is 0.0750 m2 35.0% of the xrays are absorbed in 20.0 kg of tissue, and the exposure time is 0.250 s.arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the radius of 58Ni, one of the most tightly bound stable nuclei. (b) What is the ratio of the radius of 58Ni to that at 258Ha, one of the largest nuclei ever made? Note that the radius of the largest nucleus is still much smaller than ?le size of an atom.arrow_forward(a) A cancer patient is exposed to rays from a 5000Ci 60Co transillumination unit for 32.0 s. The rays are collimated in such a manner that only 1.00% of them strike the patient. Of those, 20.0% are absorbed in a tumor having a mass of 1.50 kg. What is the dose in rem to the tumor, it the average energy per decay is 1.25 MeV? None of the s from the decay reach the patient. (b) Is the dose consistent with stated therapeutic doses?arrow_forwardA building has become accidentally contaminated with radioactivity. The longest-lived material in the building is strontium-90. (The Sr is 89.9077 u.) If the building initially contained 7.7 kg of this substance and the safe level is less than 90 38 atomic mass of 10.3 counts/min, how long will the building be unsafe? yrarrow_forward
- After the sudden release of radioactivity from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in 1986, the radioactivity of milk in Poland rose to 2.00 x 103 Bq/L due to iodine - 131, with a half - life of 8.04 days. Radioactive iodine is particularly hazardous because the thyroid gland concentrates iodine. The Chernobyl accident caused a measurable increase in thyroid cancers among children in Belarus. (a) For comparison, find the activity of milk due to potassium. Assume 1 liter of milk contains 2.00 g of potassium, of which 0.011 7% is the isotope 40K, which has a half-life of 1.28 x109 yr. (b) After what length of time would the activity due to iodine fall below that due to potassium?arrow_forwardAs a health physicist, you are being consulted about a spill in a radiochemistry lab. The isotope spilled was 400 µCi of barium-131, which has a half-life of 12 days. (a) What mass of this radioisotope was spilled? (b) Your recommendation is to clear the lab until the radiation level has fallen 1 µCi. How long will the lab have to be closed?arrow_forwardStrontium-90 is a radioactive by-product of nuclear reactors that behaves biologically like calcium. When it is taken in by mammals, it is found in their milk and in the bones of those drinking the milk. If a sample of the Strontium-90 has an activity of 1.2 x 1012 dis/sec, what are the activity and the fraction of nuclei that have decayed after 59 years (t1/2 = 29 years)? Fraction decayed = (No - Nt) / Noarrow_forward
- The radionuclide 32P (T1/2 = 14.28 d) is often used as a tracer to follow the course of biochemical reactions involving phosphorus. (a) If the counting rate in a particular experimental setup is initially 3050 counts/s, how much time will the rate take to fall to 170 counts/s? (b) A solution containing 32P is fed to the root system of an experimental tomato plant, and the 32P activity in a leaf is measured 3.48 days later. By what factor must this reading be multiplied to correct for the decay that has occurred since the experiment began?arrow_forwardA 70 kg human body typically contains 140 g of potassium. Potassium has a chemical atomic mass of 39.1 u and has three naturally occurring isotopes. One of those isotopes, 40K, is radioactive with a half-life of 1.3 billion years and a natural abundance of 0.012%. Each 40K decay deposits, on average,1.0 MeV of energy into the body. What yearly dose in Gy does the typical person receive from the decay of 40K in the body?arrow_forwardTwo radioactive waste products from nuclear reactors are strontium Sr (T12 = 29.1yr) and cesium Cs (712 = 2.06yr). These two species are present initially in a ratio No, sr/Nocs-7.80 x 103. What is the ratio Nsr/Ncs 17 years later? Nu -Number i No Unitsarrow_forward
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