Economics (MindTap Course List)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337617383
Author: Roger A. Arnold
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 31, Problem 8QP
To determine
Calculate simple majority voting with consistent and inconsistent efficiency.
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Outline the median voter theorem and explain its importance to the successful application of a majority voting system.
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In a congressional district somewhere in the U.S., a new representative is being elected. The voters all have one-dimensional political views that can be neatly arrayed on a left-right spectrum. We can define the ”location” of a citizen’s political views in the following way. The citizen with the most extreme left-wing views is said to be at point 0 and the citizen with the most extreme right-wing views is said to be at point 1. If a citizen has views that are to the right of the views of the fraction x of the state’s population, that citizen’s views are said to be located at point x. There are two candidates for the congressional seat and they are forced to publicly state their own political position simultaneously on the zero-one left-right scale.
1.a Suppose voters always vote for the candidate whose stated position is nearest to their own views and suppose each candidate cares only about getting as many votes as possible.
In equilibrium, what will be the two candidates’ positions?…
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Economics (MindTap Course List)
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- Outline the median voter theorem and explain its importance to the successfulapplication of a majority voting system.arrow_forwardSuppose that friends Jennifer, Stephanie, and Megan cannot agree on how much to spend for a bouquet of flowers to send to a person who allowed them to use her beach house for the weekend. Jennifer wants to buy a moderately priced bouquet, Stephanie wants to buy an expensive bouquet, and Megan wants to buy a very expensive bouquet. Assuming no paradox of voting, majority voting will result in the decision to buy Multiple Choice an inexpensive bouquet. a very expensive bouquet. a moderately priced bouquet. an expensive bouquet. Barrow_forwardBriefly explain why the principle that the majority of voters should decide an election outcome may not always make logical sense.arrow_forward
- Give both answers I give you thumparrow_forwardArrow's impossibility theorem states that under certain assumptions about preferences, no voting system exists that satisfies all of the following properties: • Unanimity • Transitivity • Independence of irrelevant alternatives • No dictatorsarrow_forwardExplain why majority rule respects the preferencesof the median voter rather than those of the averagevoter.arrow_forward
- How can a small special interest group win in a situation of majority voting when the benefits it seeks flow only to a small group?arrow_forwardThe Principles of Taxation Taxation systems are centered around two basic ideas. One is that people that benefit from services provided by tax revenues should be the ones who pay for them. Secondly, taxes should be paid in proportion to the number of benefits or services that an individual receives. Three Types of Taxes Taxes can be proportional, progressive, or regressive in nature. A proportional tax is equal in that it sets the same percentage of income taxation on everyone regardless of income. So for individuals, as their income rises or falls, they pay the same percentage in tax. A progressive tax imposes a higher percentage rate of taxation as incomes go up. So as people make more money they pay a higher percentage of that income in tax, and the percentage goes down if their income goes down. Regressive taxes are the opposite of progressive. They impose a higher percentage of taxes on lower incomes than on higher incomes. Often these taxes are not income taxes, but other types…arrow_forwardDoes traditional one-person-one-vote (1p1v) majority voting allow voters to directly express differences in strengths of preference? Does quadratic voting do any better? Discuss the differences and then explain which system you prefer, and why.arrow_forward
- 4.10. A social choice function satisfies the weak Pareto criterion if,whenever every voter places one candidate above another, say rankingcandidate A over candidate B, then candidate B cannot be the uniquewinner. (This differs from the Pareto property owing to the words “theunique”.)(a) Explain why any method that satisfies Pareto also satisfies weakPareto.(b) Explain why the antiplurality method satisfies weak Pareto.(c) Explain why the agenda method violates weak Pareto.arrow_forwardConsider the race for governor of a small state. The population of the state is evenly divided between three cities-Riverville, Hanover, and Danbury. The governor's race is between Ron Ruskin (the mayor of Riverville) and Ted Topple (the mayor of Hanover). Assume that no matter what is said during the campaign, Ruskin can count on the support of 100% of the Riverville population, and Topple can count on the support of 100% of the Hanover population. Assume 100% voter participation. According to the result of majority-rule voting, the next governor will be the one preferred by the majority of the residents of The two candidates are asked in a debate about their support of recreational subsidies. Public opinion polls in the city you just identified have shown the following about the level of recreational subsidies desired: • 70% want a low level 20% want a medium level • 10% want a high level Assuming that voters prefer outcomes closer to their preferred choices to outcomes further away,…arrow_forwardA situation in which society may not be able to rank its preferences consistently through paired-choice majority voting refers to Multiple Choice: A. the median-voter model. B. logrolling. C. the paradox of voting. D. the special-interest effect.arrow_forward
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