BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 31, Problem 2A
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The ribosome is a major bacterial target for antibiotics. The drugs inhibit the function of ribosomes either by blocking the peptide bond formation at the peptidyl transferase center or by interfering in messenger RNA translation. These effects are the consequences of drugs binding to the subunits of a ribosome.
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Chapter 31 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31.2 - Compare cell division in fungi and higher...Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 31.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 31.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.3 - Compare and contrast arbuscular mycorrhizae and...Ch. 31.4 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 31.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 31.6 - Explain which cells in the life cycle of an...Ch. 31.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 31.7 - Describe the ecological importance of the...Ch. 31.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.8 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31.8 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.8 - Prob. 3LOCh. 31.9 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31.9 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.9 - Prob. 3LOCh. 31.10 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31 - Data analysis Comparative analyses of fossil and...Ch. 31 - A fungal cell that contains two genetically...Ch. 31 - Prob. 2UCh. 31 - Prob. 3UCh. 31 - Prob. 4UCh. 31 - Prob. 5UCh. 31 - If two genetically different, haploid (n) hyphae...Ch. 31 - Prob. 7UCh. 31 - Prob. 1ACh. 31 - Prob. 2ACh. 31 - Prob. 3ACh. 31 - Prob. 4ACh. 31 - Prob. 5ACh. 31 - Prob. 6ACh. 31 - Prob. 1SCh. 31 - Prob. 2SCh. 31 - Prob. 3SCh. 31 - Prob. 4S
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- What is the purpose of a Poly-A tail being added to mRNA? a. To attach to viral sequences b. To weigh down mRNA c. To terminate translation d. To change the chemical structure e. Unknownarrow_forwardWhich type of RNA comprises over 80% of total cellular RNA? A. ribosomal RNA B. Messenger RNA C. Transfer RNAarrow_forwardhow does eukaryotic ribosome find the mRNA to be translated? A. the sigma factor B. the shine-Dalgarno sequence C. the Inr sequence D. the 5'caparrow_forward
- If the HIV did not have a reverse transcriptase enzyme, then which of the following would apply? Select one: a. The virus can make use of the reverse transcriptase enzyme from the host cell to convert its RNA into DNA b. Viral particles will be produced without reverse transcriptase enzyme since the original HIV is an RNA virus and needs to assemble RNA ant coat proteins together c. The virus will manufacture its proteins from its RNA using translation and ribosomes from host cell d. Provirus will not be formed and assembly of viral particles will never occur e. The virus will not be able to recognise the host cell and therefore entry into the cell is blockedarrow_forwardNevirapine, an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor of the viral enzyme, reverse transcriptase (RT). Where does this inhibitor bind to prevent viral replication? Select one: a. The enzyme-substrate complex b. The viral DNA product c. Directly to reverse transcriptase d. The substrate Humans are able to break down amino acids, removing the amino group from the carbon skeleton and excreting waste as urea. Select the correct sequence of events in this metabolic pathway. Select one: a. Transamination, ammonia assimilation, deamination, ammonia metabolism b. Deamination, transamination, ammonia metabolism, ammonia assimilation c. Deamination, ammonia assimilation, transamination, ammonia metabolism d. Transamination, deamination, ammonia assimilation, ammonia metabolismarrow_forwardThe advantage of yeast cells over bacterial cells to express human proteins is that: a. yeast cells grow faster b. yeast cells are easier to manipulate genetically c. yeast cells are eukaryotic and modify proteins similarly to human cells d. yeast cells are easily lysed to purify the proteinsarrow_forward
- Some antibiotic drugs fight infection by interfering with DNA replication, transcription, or translation in bacteria. Indicate whether each of the following antibiotic drug effects is on replication, transcription, or translation. HINT Each answer (replication, transcription, and translation) is used only once for the following: a. Rifampin binds to bacterial RNA polymerase. b. Streptomycin binds bacterial ribosomes, disabling them. c. Quinolone blocks an enzyme that prevents bacterial DNA from unwinding.arrow_forwardTargeting topoisomerase or DNA gyrase with an inhibitory antibiotic would inhibit which of the following processes in the bacterial cell? A.Peptidoglycan synthesis B.Plasma membrane synthesis C.Translation D.DNA replicationarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the antibiotic streptomycin? A. it disrupts protein synthesis in resistant bacteria. B. Streptomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis in all bacterial species. C. Streptomycin creates mutations in bacteria which cause them to become resistant. D. It disrupts protein synthesis in nonresistant bacteria.arrow_forward
- The nucleotides from a bacterial cell were found to have the following abundances: 39% uracil; 41% adenine, 9% cytosine; 8% guanine. What type of molecule is the genome of the bacteria likely made of? a. Double stranded DNA b. Single stranded DNA c. Messenger RNA d. Double stranded RNAarrow_forwardRefer to the figure to answer these questions:a. Add labels for mRNA (including the 5′ and 3′ ends) and tRNA. Inaddition, draw in the RNA polymerase enzyme and the ribosomes,including arrows indicating the direction of movement for each.b. What are the next three amino acids to be added to polypeptide b?c. Fill in the nucleotides in the mRNA complementary to thetemplate DNA strand.d. What is the sequence of the DNA complementary to the templatestrand (as much as can be determined from the figure)?e. Does this figure show the entire polypeptide that this geneencodes? How can you tell?f. What might happen to polypeptide b after its release from theribosome?g. Does this figure depict a prokaryotic or a eukaryotic cell? How canyou tell?arrow_forwardTetracyclines are a class of prokaryotic antibiotic that ?? A. Consist of lactone rings and target the 50s ribosomal subunit to prevent protein synthesis B. Consist of a napthacene ring and target the 30s ribosomal subunit to prevent protein synthesis C. Consist of aminoglycosides and target folic acid formation D. Consist of a B-lactam ring and prevent transpeptidation during cell wall formationarrow_forward
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