Chapter 30.1, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain: Two typical complications of urinary tract obstruction.

Introduction: The urinary system is also known as the renal system. It consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The urinary system is important to eliminate the nitrogenous waste out of the body. It also regulates the blood volume, blood pressure, and maintenance of electrolytes.

Explanation of Solution

The urinary system can be affected by numerous disorders. The urinary tract obstruction is the interference with the flow of urine due to obstruction along the urinary tract. The most common type of urinary tract obstruction is caused by the stones, tumors, or inflammation, and infection of the urinary bladder.

Kidney stone: In case of impaired kidney functions, salt of uric acid or calcium salt may deposit and form stones which are known as calculi or urinary stones. Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition in which the stones are lodged in the ureter or bladder, as well as, in the renal pelvis.

Urinary incontinence: The urinary continence is the involuntary loss of urine associated with a sudden and intense desire to void. It is often associated with involuntary contractions of detrusor. It is called detrusor hyperreflexia when associated with the neurologic disorder.