Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 30.1, Problem 1CC
WHAT IF? If flowers had shorter styles, pollen tubes would more easily reach the embryo sac. Suggest an explanation for why very long styles have evolved in most flowering plants.
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Using just the 'ABC model' of floral development what would you need to change in terms of genes or gene expression to get male only flowers, but still have 3 different floral whorls in total? Then what would you need to change to get female flowers and again have three different floral whorls in total?
what are the flaws ?
Plants reproduce in a pattern known as alternation of generations. A haploid gametophyte produces gametes through mitosis. The gametes fuse to form a zygote, which then grows into a diploid sporophyte. The sporophyte produces spores through meiosis, which then grow into a gametophyte and start the process over.
Flowers are how angiosperms reproduce. A whorl of sepals (corolla) is at the base of the flower, followed by a whorl of petals (calyx). Inside the flower is a female organ known as a carpel and it is made of a stigma, style, and ovary. The male organ is the stamen and it is made of an anther and filament.
Pollen being transferred to the style is known as pollination. Once the pollen travels down the style and reaches the egg, fertilization happens when sperm meets egg. Then, the fertilized egg and surrounding tissue develops into a seed. A seed is protected by a seed coat and contains endosperm and an embryo. The endosperm grows into a new plant while…
Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and Cand expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABChypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, startingat the outermost whorl?(A) carpel-petal-petal-carpel(B) petal-petal-stamen-stamen(C) sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal(D) sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel
Chapter 30 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 30.1 - WHAT IF? If flowers had shorter styles, pollen...Ch. 30.1 - WHAT IF? In some species, sepals look like petals,...Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 30.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 30.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 30.2 - Self-fertilization, or selfing, seems to have...Ch. 30.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 30.3 - Why does Bt maize have less fumonisin than non-GM...Ch. 30.3 - WHAT IF? In a few species, chloroplast genes are...Ch. 30 - A seed develops from an A. ovum B. embryo. C....
Ch. 30 - A fruit is a A. mature ovary. B. B . mature ovule....Ch. 30 - Double fertilization means that A. flowers must be...Ch. 30 - Golden Rice A. is resistant to various herbicides,...Ch. 30 - Which statement concerning grafting is correct? A....Ch. 30 - Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for...Ch. 30 - A small flower with green petals is most likely A....Ch. 30 - The pollen produced by wind-pollinated plants is...Ch. 30 - The black dots that cover strawberries are...Ch. 30 - DRAW IT Draw a flower and label the parts.Ch. 30 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Critics of GM foods have argued...Ch. 30 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY People have...Ch. 30 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION With respect to sexual...Ch. 30 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION In a short essay (100-150...Ch. 30 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This colorized SEM shows...
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- INTERPRET DATA Flower parts are arranged in four concentric circles: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpel. According to the ABC model of floral organ development in Arabidopsis, class A genes are needed to specify sepals, the A and B genes to specify petals, the B and C genes to specify stamens, and class C genes to specify the carpel. If a mutation occurs in one of the B genes, rendering it inactive, what will the resulting flowers consist of?arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts Compare the size, anatomical complexity, and degree of independence of a Douglas fir female gametophyte and a dogwood female gametophyte. Which one is the most protected from the external environment? Which trend(s) in plant evolution does your work on this question bring to mind?arrow_forwardExplain the sequence of events in a flowering plant that begins with formation of a pollen tube and culminates with the formation of a diploid zygote and the 3n cell that will give rise to endosperm in a seed.arrow_forward
- need asap thank uarrow_forwardEXPERIMENT 4: INDUCTION OF CALLUS SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF HAPLOID PLANTS Objective: To prepare anther as a source of explant To induce callus somatic embryogenesis of haploid plants Procedure: Cut off the buds and sort them into 3 developmental stages based on length of buds Surface sterilize the buds in 70% ethanol for 2-3 minutes, making sure the entire bud is immersed in the alcohol. Drain off excess alcohol from the buds and aseptically excise the anthers from each bud. Remove the filaments and culture the anther on one of the agar media provided. Label the stage of development of the bud on each petri dish as the anthers are cultured. Seal the Petri dishes with parafilm. Incubate in the dark at 26 to 28ºC for 4 to 8 weeks or until small plants can be seen growing out of the anthers. Then transfer to diffuse light. Record the results of the experiment in table form and submit the report. Observation: The culture was contaminated after 8 weeks of incubation…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an example of pattern formation in developing plants? a. an epidermal cell receiving developmental signals from acortical cell b. the loosening of the cell wall to allow the elongation ofselected cells to reach mature size c. regulation by homeobox genes of the position of differentflower parts d. oriented cell division that establishes the shape of an organ e. cell expansion that directs specific cells to undergo mitosis ata given time and placearrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9. After fertilization, the______________ develop(s) into a fruit and the ______________ develop(s) into a seed. (a) ovary; ovule (b) polar nuclei; ovule (c) ovary; endosperm (d) ovule; ovary (e) ovule; polar nucleiarrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardBiosynthesis of nectar and nutrient-rich pollen is energetically very expensive for a plant. Yet, plants funnel large amounts of energy into animal pollination. What are the evolutionary advantages that offset the cost of attracting animal pollinators?arrow_forward
- describe the full sexual reproduction of mangoes especially in these key steps 1. flower structure 2. development of microgametophyte and megagametophyte 3. fertilization 4. embryo and seed development 5. fruit developmentarrow_forwardIn their experiments with the flowers of Begonia involucrate, Agren and Schemske (1991) observed that there was a trade-off between what two characteristics? Size of flower and number of flowers on inflorescence Size of flower and pollination Annual versus perennial reproduction O Time and expense to grow the pollen tube versus cost of maintaining the flower on the treearrow_forwardAnd some plants as stigma becomes receptive to Polin able to facilitate a pollen tube at a different time from when the anthers ripen. How would this affect the plant reproductive strategy why would this increase diversity in the plants offspring?arrow_forward
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