Essential University Physics: Volume 2 (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321976420
Author: Richard Wolfson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 30, Problem 60P
To determine
If total internal reflection at the glass-plastic interface could cause problems with visibility.
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The index of refraction of a certain glass is (1.44x10^0). What is the critical angle for
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A light ray incident on the interface between air and glass can undergo total internal reflection. In which media does the incident ray need to be in order to undergo total internal reflection? Explain why.
Fiber optic cables use the concept of total internal reflection to keep 100% of the incident light within the cable. Why must the inner core of the cable have a higher index of refraction than the cladding?
Chapter 30 Solutions
Essential University Physics: Volume 2 (3rd Edition)
Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 30.1GICh. 30.2 - The figure shows the path of a light ray through...Ch. 30.3 - The glass prism in Fig. 30.11 has n = 1.5 and is...Ch. 30.4 - Prob. 30.4GICh. 30 - Prob. 1FTDCh. 30 - Why does a spoon appear bent when its in a glass...Ch. 30 - Prob. 3FTDCh. 30 - Prob. 4FTDCh. 30 - You send white light through two identical glass...Ch. 30 - In glass, which end of the visible spectrum has...
Ch. 30 - Prob. 7FTDCh. 30 - Why are polarizing sunglasses better than glasses...Ch. 30 - Under what conditions will the polarizing angle be...Ch. 30 - Through what angle should you rotate a mirror so...Ch. 30 - Prob. 12ECh. 30 - To what angular accuracy must two ostensibly...Ch. 30 - Prob. 14ECh. 30 - In which substance in Table 30.1 does the speed of...Ch. 30 - Information in a compact disc is stored in pits"...Ch. 30 - Light is incident on an air-glass interface, and...Ch. 30 - A light ray propagates in a transparent material...Ch. 30 - Light propagating in the glass (n = 1.52) wall of...Ch. 30 - Prob. 20ECh. 30 - Find the refractive index of a material for which...Ch. 30 - Find the critical angle for total internal...Ch. 30 - A drop of water is trapped in a block of ice....Ch. 30 - What is the critical angle for light propagating...Ch. 30 - Total internal reflection occurs at an interface...Ch. 30 - Blue and red laser beams strike an air-glass...Ch. 30 - White light propagating in air is incident at 45...Ch. 30 - Suppose the 60 angle in Fig. 30.18 is changed to...Ch. 30 - The refractive index of a human cornea is 1.40. If...Ch. 30 - Two plane mirrors make an angle . A light ray...Ch. 30 - An unlabeled bottle of liquid has spilled, and...Ch. 30 - A meter stick lies on the bottom of the...Ch. 30 - Prob. 33PCh. 30 - At the aquarium where you work, a fish has gone...Ch. 30 - Prob. 35PCh. 30 - You've dropped your car keys at night off the end...Ch. 30 - Laser eye surgery uses ultraviolet light with...Ch. 30 - Prob. 38PCh. 30 - Repeat Problem 38 for the case n = 1.75, = 40,...Ch. 30 - Find the minimum refractive index for the prism in...Ch. 30 - Where and in what direction would the main beam...Ch. 30 - Find the speed of light in a material for which...Ch. 30 - Prob. 43PCh. 30 - For the interface between air (refractive index 1)...Ch. 30 - A scuba diver sets off a camera flash at depth h...Ch. 30 - Suppose the red and blue beams of Exercise 26 are...Ch. 30 - In cataract surgery, ophthalmologists replace the...Ch. 30 - In a ruby laser, light is produced in a solid rod...Ch. 30 - Reconsider Example 30.4, now in a glass with n700...Ch. 30 - A cylindrical tank 2.4 m deep is full to the brim...Ch. 30 - For what diameter tank in Problem 50 will sunlight...Ch. 30 - Light is incident from air on the flat wall of a...Ch. 30 - Prob. 53PCh. 30 - Find an expression for the displacement x in Fig....Ch. 30 - Prob. 55PCh. 30 - (a) Differentiate the result of Problem 55 to show...Ch. 30 - Prob. 57PCh. 30 - Show that a three-dimensional corner reflector...Ch. 30 - Fermat's principle states that a light ray's path...Ch. 30 - Prob. 60PCh. 30 - A slab of transparent material has thickness d and...Ch. 30 - For common materials like glass, the wavelength...Ch. 30 - Figure 30.25a depicts lights path over a hot road,...Ch. 30 - Prob. 64PPCh. 30 - Figure 30.25b shows how continuous refraction in...Ch. 30 - The refractive index in the ionosphere is strongly...
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- Students in a lab group are given a plastic cube with a hollow cube-shaped space in the middle that fills about half the volume of the cube. The index of refraction of the plastic is known. The hollow space is filled with a gas, and the students are asked to collect the data needed to find the index of refraction of the gas. What information would you need to collect, and how would you use this information in order to deduce the index of refraction of the gas in the cube?arrow_forwardThe refractive index of water is 1.333 and the refractive index of diamond is 2.419. (a) Could total internal reflection happen if a ray of light goes from water into diamond? If yes, what is the critical angle? And draw a light ray diagram of the critical situation. If no, give the reasons. (b) Could total internal reflection happen if a ray of light goes from diamond into water? If yes, what is the critical angle? And draw a light ray diagram of the critical situation. If no, give the reasons.arrow_forwardThe law of reflection is quite useful for mirrors and other flat, shiny surfaces. (This sort of reflection is called specular reflection). However, you've likely been told that when you look at something, you are seeing light flat, shiny surfaces. (This sort of reflection is called specular reflection). However, you've likely been told that when you look at something, you are seeing light reflected from the object that you are looking at. This is reflection of a different sort: diffuse reflection. In this problem, you will see how diffuse reflection actually arises from the same law of reflection that you are accustomed to for reflections from mirrors. Mirror Submit Consider a spotlight shining onto a horizontal mirror (Figure 1). If the light from the spotlight strikes the mirror at an angle 0 to the normal, what angle , to the normal would you expect for the reflected rays? Express your answer in terms of 0. VE ΑΣΦ α V MacBook Air A T Y P Σ Φ n 0 $ y Ω ħ 6 € 0 T X ε Previous Answers…arrow_forward
- Students in a lab group are given a plastic cube with a hollow cube-shaped space in the middle that fills about half the volume of the cube. The index of refraction of the plastic is known. The hollow space is filled with a gas, and the students are asked to collect the data needed to find the index of refraction of the gas. The students take the following set of measurements: Angle of incidence of the light in the air above the plastic block: 30° Angle of refraction of the beam as it enters the plastic from the air: 45° Angle of refraction of the beam as it enters the plastic from the gas: 45° The three measurements are shared with a second lab group. Can the second group determine a value for the index of refraction of the gas from only this data? a. Yes, because they have information about the beam in air and in the plastic above the gas. b. Yes, because they have information about the beam on both sides of the gas. c. No, because they need additional information to determine the…arrow_forwardConsider a light ray traveling between air and a diamond cut in the shape shown in Figure P22.42. (a) Find the critical angle for total internal reflection for light in the diamond incident on the interface between the diamond and the outside air. (b) Consider the light ray incident normally on the top surface of the diamond as shown in Figure P22.42. Show that the light traveling toward point P in the diamond is totally reflected. (c) If the diamond is immersed in water, find the critical angle at the diamond−water interface. (d) When the diamond is immersed in water, does the light ray entering the top surface in Figure P22.42 undergo total internal reflection at P ? Explain. (e) If the light ray entering the diamond remains vertical as shown in Figure P22.42, which way should the diamond in the water be rotated about an axis perpendicular to the page through 0 so that light will exit the diamond at P ? (f) At what angle of rotation in part (e) will light first exit the diamond at…arrow_forwardOptical fibers utilize total internal reflection (TIR) to confine and guide light. They are typically used in materials processing as a means of delivering light from a laser source to a processing head. Other applications include telecommunications, spectroscopy, illumination and sensors. A particularly common form of optical fiber is a step-index fiber, shown in Figure 1. Step-index fibers have an inner core made from a material with a refractive index (ncore) that is higher than the surrounding cladding layer (nclad). Within the fiber, a critical angle of incidence (θcrit) exists such that light will reflect off the core/cladding interface by TIR, as opposed to refracting into the fiber cladding. To fulfil the conditions for TIR to occur, the angle of incidence of light launched into the fiber must be less than a certain angle, which is defined as the acceptance angle (θacc). The critical angle for TIR in a given fiber can be calculated on the basis of the refractive indices of…arrow_forward
- Consider a layer of oil, Glass, and Air where the oil/glass boundary is parallel to the glass/air boundary. Let the index of refraction for the glass be 1.40 and the index of refraction for the oil to be 1.34. At what angle relative to the normal should a ray of light be directed upon the oil/glass interface such that it strikes the glass/air interface at the critical angle?arrow_forwardA common trick in fiber optics is to send several colors of light down the same fiber (this is a form of what's called multiplexing). Each color of light can carry a separate signal, letting you squeeze more information into your beam. This, of course, leaves you with the problem of how to separate the colors back out once your beam gets to where its going. One way to do this involves total internal reflection.The index of refraction of glass isn't fixed; it's actually a function of frequency. Specifically, the index of the glass n and the angular frequency ω of the light are related by (see equation in image). Since different colors of light see different indices of refraction, different colors of light will see different critical angles.Suppose we have a beam with orange light (frequency ω=3.1e+15 rad/s and red light (frequency ω=2.9e+15 rad/s traveling through this glass. Eventually it's going to hit a glass-air boundary. At what angle of incidence θ should the light hit the…arrow_forwardA common trick in fiber optics is to send several colors of light down the same fiber (this is a form of what's called multiplexing). Each color of light can carry a separate signal, letting you squeeze more information into your beam. This, of course, leaves you with the problem of how to separate the colors back out once your beam gets to where its going. One way to do this involves total internal reflection.The index of refraction of glass isn't fixed; it's actually a function of frequency. Specifically, the index of the glass n and the angular frequency ω of the light are related by the equation below. Since different colors of light see different indices of refraction, different colors of light will see different critical angles.Suppose we have a beam with green light (frequency ω=3.7e+15 rad/s and red light (frequency ω=2.9e+15 rad/s traveling through this glass. Eventually, it's going to hit a glass-air boundary. At what angle of incidence θ should the light hit the boundary if…arrow_forward
- A fiber optic line is composed of a core with an index of refraction of 1.47 and cladding with an index of 1.36. Which one of the relations best describes angles of incidence q that will result in total internal reflection within the fiber optic line?arrow_forwardWhat is the critical angle for a piece of glass (n = 1.5) immersed in water? In which material must the initial ray be located for total internal reflection to occur?arrow_forwardThe index of refraction of the core of a piece of fiber optic cable is 1.72. If the index of the surrounding cladding is 1.41, what is the critical angle for total internal reflection for a light ray in the core incident on the core-cladding interface? a 55.1° b 44.0⁰ c 49.6° d 60.6°arrow_forward
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