Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780078024269
Author: Sylvia Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 30, Problem 4TS
Chimpanzees and humans obviously look and act very differently, but their genomes are remarkably similar. What types of mechanisms could explain how small differences in genotype can result in such large differences in
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An adult human has a flat face with a small jaw and large cranium. An adult chimpanzee has a large jaw and small cranium. Both juvenile chimps and humans have heads similar to adult humans. Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for this pattern?
Group of answer choices
A) genes that modify skull shape are not expressed in chimps during development
B) head shape is controlled by cytoplasmic determinants
C)genes that modify skull shape are not expressed in humans during development
D) chimps and humans have completely different genes controlling the formation of the head
Which of the following examples from class show that a mutation can have evolutionary benefits?
Group of answer choices
C) Hox mutations that lead to legs developing on fruit flies where antennae should be
A and B
A, B, and C
B) Hox mutations leading to limbs with digits forming from lobe fins
A) Stickleback fish mutation
How similar are the genomes of humans and chimpanzees? What genetic changes might be responsible for the large differences in the anatomy, physiology, and behavior of humans and chimpanzees?
Chapter 30 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 30.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 30.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 30.2 - Compare the characteristics of an australopith...Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 30.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 30.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 30.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 30.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 30 - 1. Which would you consider to have a pattern of...
Ch. 30 - Prob. 1NS.2QCCh. 30 - Prob. 2NS.1QCCh. 30 - Prob. 2NS.2QCCh. 30 - Prob. 2NS.3QCCh. 30 - Prob. 1ACh. 30 - Prob. 2ACh. 30 - Prob. 3ACh. 30 - Prob. 4ACh. 30 - Prob. 5ACh. 30 - Prob. 6ACh. 30 - Prob. 7ACh. 30 - Prob. 8ACh. 30 - Prob. 9ACh. 30 - Prob. 10ACh. 30 - Prob. 11ACh. 30 - Prob. 12ACh. 30 - Prob. 13ACh. 30 - Complete this diagram of the replacement model by...Ch. 30 - Prob. 1TSCh. 30 - Prob. 2TSCh. 30 - Prob. 3TSCh. 30 - Chimpanzees and humans obviously look and act very...
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- Because the genomes of chimpanzees and humans are almost identical, and the difference between them are no greater than any two humans, their classification has been changed. Chimpanzees and humans are placed in the same family and subfamily. They are in different “tribes”, which is a rarely used classification category between subfamily and genus. The former classification of chimpanzees and humans placed them in different families. Do you believe that chimpanzees should be classified in the same family and/or subfamily as humans? Or do you prefer the previous classification? Which way seems prejudicial? Give your reasoningsarrow_forwardHow, specifically, is the concept of ALLOMETRY relevant to the phylogenetic position of Homo floresiensis? Because if allometry explains the anatomy of Homo floresiensis then we can conclude that it is not separate species but instead a member of our species. Although most mammals on islands go through a process of getting smaller, Homo floresiensis evolved from a smaller ancestor to be bigger, meaning that allometry is an important factor. Mutations in the allometry allele are associated with many of the characteristics of Homo floresiensis. Because Homo floresiensis is so much smaller than other members of the genus Homo, it is important to determine how shape changes associated with smaller size impacted the species. Because Homo floresiensis had both small- and large-bodied forms, variation within the species is in large part dictated by allometry.arrow_forwardThe term "homoplasy" is most applicable to which of these features? A) The legless condiion found in various types of lizards B) The 5-digit condition of human hands and bat wings C) The beta-hemoglobin genes of mice and of humans D) The fur that covers Australian moles and North American moles E) The basic skeletal features of dog forelims and cat forelimbs. Based on these choices, I am torn between A) and D). Both represent situations of possible convergent evolution, but I feel like fur isn't too significant of a derived character compared to legless conditions. B) could also be the answer too, but the 5-digit condition seems like common ancestry/morphological similarities.arrow_forward
- Some people think that many of our uniquely human traits arose by sexual selection. Over thousands of years, women attracted to charming, witty men perhaps prompted the development of human intellect beyond what was necessary for mere survival. Men attracted to women with juvenile features may have shifted the species as a whole to be less hairy and softer featured than any of our simian relatives. Can you think of a way to test these hypotheses?arrow_forwardThe genome size of humans and chimpanzees are both approximately 3 billion base pairs, sharing about 96% identical sequences. The 4% difference in their genomes is most likely the result of natural selection selecting for different sequences for adapting to different habitats. a)True b)Falsearrow_forwardBackground: In class we did a project about m and m’s and there ability to evolve and natural selection. (Yes I know they can’t actually evolve it was just used as a example in class) however I can’t figure out this question. Occasionally a mutant may occur and produce a candy that is misshapen or Pointier or flatter than the rest. Often this proves to be a weakness, but a rare mutation may confer extra M&M durability. Other mutations in M&Ms could occur ( like ones that result in a new color). A mutant un you population represents a new _________. What goes in the blankarrow_forward
- A) Humans evolved from fish but fish have flimsy fins. b) Humans and chimps share 98.77 percent of their DNA but we are pretty darn different. c) If humans came from apes, why are there still apes?arrow_forwardA cladogram shows the evolutionary relationship between humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. The cladogram currently shows humans and chimpanzees with a more recent common ancestor compared to gorillas. Which piece of evidence, if true, would most likely weaken this hypothesis? Amino acid analysis of the cytochrome shows significant differences in the sequence of amino acids between humans and goriffas. DNA sequence analysis of the hemoglobin alpha gene shows that humans and chimpanzees have a more similar sequence to each other than they do to the gorilla's DNA sequence. The cells of the eye in embryos of gorillas and humans follow a similar pattern of development chimpanzee embryos are different Fossils of humans appear in deeper sedimentary rock layers compared to fossils of chimpanzees.arrow_forwardThe path of whale evolution has involved the reduction or loss of several traits that are still prominent in most other mammals. TRUE (1) or FALSE (2). In terrestrial mammals, the sense of smell (olfaction) involves receptor proteins encoded by a number of genes. Whales don't have a sense of smell underwater, but their genomes still contain copies (pseudogenes) of some of these olfactory genes in their genomes. Because they are still present in whales' genomes, these genes must serve some other function in whales. Whales have some vestigial features like muscles that are attached to external ears in other mammals, even though whales have lost their external ears. Humans also lost some traits (e.g., body fur) and also have some vestigial traits, such as a mechanism to cause fur to stand on end even though we are mostly hairless (i.e., arrector pili muscles that produce goosebumps). Some features like hindlimb buds and whiskers are observed…arrow_forward
- View the Diagram given below. Then read the questions given on the right-hand side. Answer each question by typing your answers in the paragraph space given below. Be sure to label each answer with the correct letter. Ex. a)..., b)... etco a) What is this type of diagram called if it is based on genetic analysis? Ray firned Rodents 3 rabbits Crocodles Dinosaurs 8 birds Sharks Amphibions Primistes b) How many clades in total are being shown here? Two post-otlal fenestrae c) What do the lengths of each branch indicate? Hair di Name the two most ancient organisms here: Amnictic ega Four inbs Eony skeleton Verteoraearrow_forwardSteven Frank and Laurence Hurst argued that a cytoplasmically inherited mutation in humans that has severe effects in males but no effect in females will not be eliminated from a population by natural selection because only females pass on mtDNA (S. A. Frank and L. D. Hurst. 1996. Nature 383:224). Using this argument, explain why males with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy are more severely affected than females.arrow_forwardSteven Frank and Laurence Hurst argued that a cytoplasmically inherited mutation in humans that has severe effects in males but no effect in females will not be eliminated from a population by natural selection because only females pass on mtDNA. Using this argument, explain why males with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy are more severely affected than females.arrow_forward
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