The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 1RQ

To determine

To explain: The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

The rest energy of protons is less than the rest energy of neutrons, therefore, proton decay takes place in nuclei only because the nucleus will provide additional energy to overcome this energy barrier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Beta decay is referred to as the transformation of protons into neutrons and vice-versa. This decay is further categorized into two different types depending upon the formation of these sub-particles.

Beta plus decay: In this decay, a proton is transformed into a neutron along with the formation of a positron and a neutrino.

Beta minus decay: In this decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton along with the formation of an electron and an antineutrino.

Explanation:

A light mass particle cannot convert into a heavy mass particle in a free state, and the mass and energy of a neutron is greater than that of a proton. Therefore, the transformation is not achieved in free state of a proton. This additional mass and energy are either provided by a gamma-ray photon or by the energy of the nucleus.

Since the beta transition takes place in between the isobars (atoms that have the same atomic masses). For example, the transition of potassium into argon taking place in a human body is capable of producing approximately 200,000 positrons in a minute.

The reaction is as follows:

1940K→1840Ar++10e+00v

Since the proton itself is not able to decay into another sub-particle that has a greater mass and higher energy, therefore, the binding energy of the electrons that are associated with isobaric atoms supplies the extra energy that is required for the decay process.

Conclusion:

The additional rest energy of neutron is provided by the nucleus during the beta plus decay, therefore, this decay always takes place in nuclei.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

You have a summer internship at NASA and are working on plans for a new space station to be launched into orbit around the Earth. The design of the space station is shown. It is to be constructed in the shape of a hollow ring of mass 58,500 kg. The structures other than the ring shown in the figure have negligible mass compared to the ring. Members of the crew will walk on a deck formed by the inner surface of the outer cylindrical wall of the ring, with radius r = 125 m. The thickness of the ring is very small compared to the radius, so we can model the ring as a hoop. At rest when constructed, the ring is to be set rotating about its axis so that the people standing inside on this deck experience an effective free-fall acceleration equal to g. The rotation is achieved by firing two small rockets attached tangentially to opposite points on the rim of the ring. Your supervisor asks you to determine the following: (a) the time interval during which the rockets must be fired if each…

The polar ice caps have a combined mass of about 2.65 × 1019 kg. If all of the ice in the polar ice caps melted, by how much time would the length of a day (Earth's rotational period) change? For simplicity, assume each ice cap is an identical thin solid disk with a radius of 7.20 x 105 m. Find the change both in seconds and as a percentage of duration of a day. change in time percent change (No Response) s (No Response) %

. A space probe in outer space has a gyroscope within it used for rotation and stabilization. The moment of inertia of the gyroscope is I = 17.5 kg m² about the axis of the gyroscope, and the moment of inertia of the rest of the space probe is I = 5.00 × 105 kg • m² about the same axis. Initially both the space probe and gyroscope are not rotating. The gyroscope is then switched on and it nearly instantly starts rotating at an angular speed of 110 rad/s. How long (in s) should the gyroscope operate at this speed in order to change the space probe's orientation by 24.0°? (No Response) s

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 1RQ

To determine

To explain: The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

The rest energy of protons is less than the rest energy of neutrons, therefore, proton decay takes place in nuclei only because the nucleus will provide additional energy to overcome this energy barrier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Beta decay is referred to as the transformation of protons into neutrons and vice-versa. This decay is further categorized into two different types depending upon the formation of these sub-particles.

Beta plus decay: In this decay, a proton is transformed into a neutron along with the formation of a positron and a neutrino.

Beta minus decay: In this decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton along with the formation of an electron and an antineutrino.

Explanation:

A light mass particle cannot convert into a heavy mass particle in a free state, and the mass and energy of a neutron is greater than that of a proton. Therefore, the transformation is not achieved in free state of a proton. This additional mass and energy are either provided by a gamma-ray photon or by the energy of the nucleus.

Since the beta transition takes place in between the isobars (atoms that have the same atomic masses). For example, the transition of potassium into argon taking place in a human body is capable of producing approximately 200,000 positrons in a minute.

The reaction is as follows:

1940K→1840Ar++10e+00v

Since the proton itself is not able to decay into another sub-particle that has a greater mass and higher energy, therefore, the binding energy of the electrons that are associated with isobaric atoms supplies the extra energy that is required for the decay process.

Conclusion:

The additional rest energy of neutron is provided by the nucleus during the beta plus decay, therefore, this decay always takes place in nuclei.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 1RQ

To determine

To explain: The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

The rest energy of protons is less than the rest energy of neutrons, therefore, proton decay takes place in nuclei only because the nucleus will provide additional energy to overcome this energy barrier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Beta decay is referred to as the transformation of protons into neutrons and vice-versa. This decay is further categorized into two different types depending upon the formation of these sub-particles.

Beta plus decay: In this decay, a proton is transformed into a neutron along with the formation of a positron and a neutrino.

Beta minus decay: In this decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton along with the formation of an electron and an antineutrino.

Explanation:

A light mass particle cannot convert into a heavy mass particle in a free state, and the mass and energy of a neutron is greater than that of a proton. Therefore, the transformation is not achieved in free state of a proton. This additional mass and energy are either provided by a gamma-ray photon or by the energy of the nucleus.

Since the beta transition takes place in between the isobars (atoms that have the same atomic masses). For example, the transition of potassium into argon taking place in a human body is capable of producing approximately 200,000 positrons in a minute.

The reaction is as follows:

1940K→1840Ar++10e+00v

Since the proton itself is not able to decay into another sub-particle that has a greater mass and higher energy, therefore, the binding energy of the electrons that are associated with isobaric atoms supplies the extra energy that is required for the decay process.

Conclusion:

The additional rest energy of neutron is provided by the nucleus during the beta plus decay, therefore, this decay always takes place in nuclei.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 1RQ

To determine

To explain: The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

The rest energy of protons is less than the rest energy of neutrons, therefore, proton decay takes place in nuclei only because the nucleus will provide additional energy to overcome this energy barrier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Beta decay is referred to as the transformation of protons into neutrons and vice-versa. This decay is further categorized into two different types depending upon the formation of these sub-particles.

Beta plus decay: In this decay, a proton is transformed into a neutron along with the formation of a positron and a neutrino.

Beta minus decay: In this decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton along with the formation of an electron and an antineutrino.

Explanation:

A light mass particle cannot convert into a heavy mass particle in a free state, and the mass and energy of a neutron is greater than that of a proton. Therefore, the transformation is not achieved in free state of a proton. This additional mass and energy are either provided by a gamma-ray photon or by the energy of the nucleus.

Since the beta transition takes place in between the isobars (atoms that have the same atomic masses). For example, the transition of potassium into argon taking place in a human body is capable of producing approximately 200,000 positrons in a minute.

The reaction is as follows:

1940K→1840Ar++10e+00v

Since the proton itself is not able to decay into another sub-particle that has a greater mass and higher energy, therefore, the binding energy of the electrons that are associated with isobaric atoms supplies the extra energy that is required for the decay process.

Conclusion:

The additional rest energy of neutron is provided by the nucleus during the beta plus decay, therefore, this decay always takes place in nuclei.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 30, Problem 1RQ

To determine

To explain: The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

The rest energy of protons is less than the rest energy of neutrons, therefore, proton decay takes place in nuclei only because the nucleus will provide additional energy to overcome this energy barrier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Beta decay is referred to as the transformation of protons into neutrons and vice-versa. This decay is further categorized into two different types depending upon the formation of these sub-particles.

Beta plus decay: In this decay, a proton is transformed into a neutron along with the formation of a positron and a neutrino.

Beta minus decay: In this decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton along with the formation of an electron and an antineutrino.

Explanation:

A light mass particle cannot convert into a heavy mass particle in a free state, and the mass and energy of a neutron is greater than that of a proton. Therefore, the transformation is not achieved in free state of a proton. This additional mass and energy are either provided by a gamma-ray photon or by the energy of the nucleus.

Since the beta transition takes place in between the isobars (atoms that have the same atomic masses). For example, the transition of potassium into argon taking place in a human body is capable of producing approximately 200,000 positrons in a minute.

The reaction is as follows:

1940K→1840Ar++10e+00v

Since the proton itself is not able to decay into another sub-particle that has a greater mass and higher energy, therefore, the binding energy of the electrons that are associated with isobaric atoms supplies the extra energy that is required for the decay process.

Conclusion:

The additional rest energy of neutron is provided by the nucleus during the beta plus decay, therefore, this decay always takes place in nuclei.

Answer 6

Chapter 30, Problem 1RQ

To determine

To explain: The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

The rest energy of protons is less than the rest energy of neutrons, therefore, proton decay takes place in nuclei only because the nucleus will provide additional energy to overcome this energy barrier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Beta decay is referred to as the transformation of protons into neutrons and vice-versa. This decay is further categorized into two different types depending upon the formation of these sub-particles.

Beta plus decay: In this decay, a proton is transformed into a neutron along with the formation of a positron and a neutrino.

Beta minus decay: In this decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton along with the formation of an electron and an antineutrino.

Explanation:

A light mass particle cannot convert into a heavy mass particle in a free state, and the mass and energy of a neutron is greater than that of a proton. Therefore, the transformation is not achieved in free state of a proton. This additional mass and energy are either provided by a gamma-ray photon or by the energy of the nucleus.

Since the beta transition takes place in between the isobars (atoms that have the same atomic masses). For example, the transition of potassium into argon taking place in a human body is capable of producing approximately 200,000 positrons in a minute.

The reaction is as follows:

1940K→1840Ar++10e+00v

Since the proton itself is not able to decay into another sub-particle that has a greater mass and higher energy, therefore, the binding energy of the electrons that are associated with isobaric atoms supplies the extra energy that is required for the decay process.

Conclusion:

The additional rest energy of neutron is provided by the nucleus during the beta plus decay, therefore, this decay always takes place in nuclei.

Answer 7

Chapter 30, Problem 1RQ

To determine

To explain: The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

The rest energy of protons is less than the rest energy of neutrons, therefore, proton decay takes place in nuclei only because the nucleus will provide additional energy to overcome this energy barrier.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Beta decay is referred to as the transformation of protons into neutrons and vice-versa. This decay is further categorized into two different types depending upon the formation of these sub-particles.

Beta plus decay: In this decay, a proton is transformed into a neutron along with the formation of a positron and a neutrino.

Beta minus decay: In this decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton along with the formation of an electron and an antineutrino.

Explanation:

A light mass particle cannot convert into a heavy mass particle in a free state, and the mass and energy of a neutron is greater than that of a proton. Therefore, the transformation is not achieved in free state of a proton. This additional mass and energy are either provided by a gamma-ray photon or by the energy of the nucleus.

Since the beta transition takes place in between the isobars (atoms that have the same atomic masses). For example, the transition of potassium into argon taking place in a human body is capable of producing approximately 200,000 positrons in a minute.

The reaction is as follows:

1940K→1840Ar++10e+00v

Since the proton itself is not able to decay into another sub-particle that has a greater mass and higher energy, therefore, the binding energy of the electrons that are associated with isobaric atoms supplies the extra energy that is required for the decay process.

Conclusion:

The additional rest energy of neutron is provided by the nucleus during the beta plus decay, therefore, this decay always takes place in nuclei.

Answer 12

Ch. 30 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 30 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 30 - Review Question 30.3 Using what you have learned...Ch. 30 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 30 - Prob. 5RQ Ch. 30 - Prob. 1MCQ Ch. 30 - Prob. 2MCQ Ch. 30 - Prob. 3MCQ Ch. 30 - Prob. 4MCQ Ch. 30 - Prob. 5CQ

The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

To explain: The reason for the statement that proton decay is restricted inside the nuclei only, not in its free state.

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 30 Solutions