College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134609034
Author: Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 30, Problem 14CQ
To determine
To explain: Whether a lab using radiocarbon dating would overestimate or underestimate the age of a 10,000 year old artifact if
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Potassium (40K) decays to Argon (40Ar) with a half-life value of 1.3 billion years. 40K is the parent isotope and 40Ar is the daughter isotope. Laboratory analysis of a rock sample showed that there are 0.13ppm of 40K and an equal amount of 40Ar in the rock. (ppm: parts per million)
Based on the laboratory results, ________________ half-live(s) have elapsed and the age of the rock is __________.
Select from the following and explain.
A. 0; 0 years
B. 3; 4.5 billion years
C. 1; 1.3 billion years
D. 13; 6 billion years
E. 13; 1.0 billion years
=
U is for Uranium. Natural uranium consists of 235U (percent abundance P₁ = 0.7300%, A₁ =
3.12 x 10-¹7 [s-¹]) and 233U (percent abundance P₂ = 99.27%, 2₂ = 4.92 × 10-¹8 [s-¹]).
Consider the time when Earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago.
Setup the time dependence of percent abundance of the two uranium isotopes. Use №₁ and N₂
as current particle count of the isotopes (use №₁,0 and N₂,0 for the initial particle count back
when Earth was formed)
Then, Compute for the initial percent abundance of each uranium isotopes when the Earth was
formed.
Charcoal from an ancient campfire has a ratio of 14C to 12C that is one- fourth that of new wood. About how old is the charcoal? The half- life of 14C is 5730 years.
Chapter 30 Solutions
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
Ch. 30 - Prob. 1CQCh. 30 - Prob. 2CQCh. 30 - Prob. 3CQCh. 30 - Prob. 4CQCh. 30 - Prob. 5CQCh. 30 - Prob. 6CQCh. 30 - Figure Q30.7 shows how the number of nuclei of one...Ch. 30 - Prob. 8CQCh. 30 - Prob. 9CQCh. 30 - Prob. 10CQ
Ch. 30 - The material that formed the earth was created in...Ch. 30 - Prob. 12CQCh. 30 - Prob. 13CQCh. 30 - Prob. 14CQCh. 30 - Prob. 15CQCh. 30 - Prob. 16CQCh. 30 - Prob. 17CQCh. 30 - Prob. 18CQCh. 30 - Prob. 19CQCh. 30 - Prob. 20CQCh. 30 - Prob. 21CQCh. 30 - Prob. 22CQCh. 30 - Prob. 23CQCh. 30 - Some types of MRI can produce images of resolution...Ch. 30 - Prob. 25CQCh. 30 - Prob. 26CQCh. 30 - Prob. 27CQCh. 30 - Prob. 28CQCh. 30 - Prob. 29MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 30MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 31MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 32MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 33MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 34MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 35MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 36MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 37MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 38MCQCh. 30 - Prob. 1PCh. 30 - Prob. 2PCh. 30 - Prob. 3PCh. 30 - Prob. 4PCh. 30 - Prob. 5PCh. 30 - Prob. 6PCh. 30 - Prob. 7PCh. 30 - Prob. 8PCh. 30 - Prob. 9PCh. 30 - Prob. 10PCh. 30 - Prob. 11PCh. 30 - Prob. 12PCh. 30 - Prob. 13PCh. 30 - a. Compute the binding energy of the reactants and...Ch. 30 - a. Compute the binding energy of the reactants and...Ch. 30 - Prob. 16PCh. 30 - Prob. 17PCh. 30 - Prob. 18PCh. 30 - Prob. 19PCh. 30 - Prob. 20PCh. 30 - Prob. 21PCh. 30 - Prob. 22PCh. 30 - Prob. 23PCh. 30 - Prob. 24PCh. 30 - Prob. 25PCh. 30 - Prob. 26PCh. 30 - Prob. 27PCh. 30 - Prob. 28PCh. 30 - Prob. 29PCh. 30 - Prob. 30PCh. 30 - Prob. 31PCh. 30 - Prob. 32PCh. 30 - Prob. 33PCh. 30 - Prob. 34PCh. 30 - Prob. 35PCh. 30 - Prob. 36PCh. 30 - Prob. 37PCh. 30 - Prob. 38PCh. 30 - Prob. 39PCh. 30 - Prob. 40PCh. 30 - Prob. 41PCh. 30 - Prob. 42PCh. 30 - Prob. 43PCh. 30 - Prob. 44PCh. 30 - Prob. 45PCh. 30 - Prob. 46PCh. 30 - Prob. 47PCh. 30 - Prob. 48PCh. 30 - Prob. 49PCh. 30 - Prob. 50PCh. 30 - Prob. 51PCh. 30 - Prob. 52PCh. 30 - Prob. 53PCh. 30 - Prob. 54PCh. 30 - Prob. 55PCh. 30 - Prob. 56PCh. 30 - Prob. 57PCh. 30 - Prob. 58PCh. 30 - Prob. 59GPCh. 30 - Prob. 60GPCh. 30 - Prob. 61GPCh. 30 - Prob. 62GPCh. 30 - Prob. 63GPCh. 30 - Prob. 64GPCh. 30 - Prob. 65GPCh. 30 - Prob. 66GPCh. 30 - Prob. 67GPCh. 30 - Prob. 68GPCh. 30 - Prob. 69GPCh. 30 - Prob. 70GPCh. 30 - Prob. 71GPCh. 30 - Prob. 72GPCh. 30 - Prob. 73GPCh. 30 - Prob. 74MSPPCh. 30 - Prob. 75MSPPCh. 30 - Prob. 76MSPPCh. 30 - What statement can be made about the masses above...Ch. 30 - Prob. 78MSPPCh. 30 - Prob. 79MSPPCh. 30 - Prob. 80MSPP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Natural uranium consists of 235U(percent abundance = 0.7200%, =3.121017/s ) and 238U (percent abundance = 99.27% , =4.921018/s ). What were the values for percent abundance of 235Uand 238Uwhen Earth formed 4.5109years ago?arrow_forwardThe smallest 14C/12C ratio that can be reliably measured is about 3.0 * 10-15, setting a limit on the oldest carbon specimens that can be dated. How old would a sample with this carbon ratio be?arrow_forwardDetermine the age of a certain rock sample: carbon -14 half life = 5730 years. An archeology dig unearths a skeleton. Analysis shows is a C-14 activity of 1Cpm per gram of total carbon. Approximately how old is the skeleton?(Original C-14 Activity= 16Cpm)arrow_forward
- A rock sample contains two radioactive elements A and B, with half lives of 8000 and 16000 years respectively. If the relative proportion of AB is initially 1: 1, what is their relative proportion after 16000 years? 2:1 3:1 12 1.3arrow_forwardA sample from human remains found near Stonehenge in England shows that 71.2% of the carbon-14 still remains. Use the model Q(1) = Qe-0.000121 to determine the age of the sample. In this model, Q(t) represents the amount of carbon-14 remaining t years after death, and Qo represents the initial amount of carbon-14 at the time of death. Round to the nearest 100 yr.arrow_forwardA sample of spruce wood taken from Two Creeks forest bed near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is believed to date from the time of one of the last advances of the continental ice sheet into the United States. The ratio of 14C to 12C in the sample was found to be 0.2446 of the atmospheric value of this ratio. What is the daughter-to-parent ratio for the decay process in the sample? What is the estimated age of the spruce wood sample? Show calculations that support your answer.arrow_forward
- solve for c)arrow_forwardCarbon is one of the fundamental elements in everything that's alive on Earth. The three naturally occuring isotopes of carbon are 12C (mass fraction = 0.99), 1³C (mass fraction = 0.01) and radioactive 14C. The relative abundance or mass fraction of 14C is about 10-12 (or 1 in 1012 atoms). This radiocarbon originates from cosmic rays interacting with nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere and has a half-life time of 5730 years. Since it's half-life time is a lot higher than the time the atoms need to go through the carbon cycle, all living biomass at the Earth's surface has the same abundance of 14C as in the atmosphere. After a plant or animal has deceased the amount of 14C atoms will decay exponentially according to the following formula: = mo · 2-t/tı/2 with mo as the mass fraction at t = 0 and t1/2 as the half-life time. Since we know the abundance of 14C in the atmosphere, we can use this equation to estimate the time of death of an organism. This method is known as carbon dating.…arrow_forwardA 250g sample of Calcium-47 has a half-life of 4.536 ????. How much Calcuim-47 remains after six half-lives? (ans: 3.91g)arrow_forward
- A sample of radioactive material is obtained from a very old rock. The activity of the rock over a period of time is monitored, and lnA is plotted as a function of t such as in Figure (b). The slope of the line has a value of -6.1 ×10^−8y^−1. FInd the half-life in years.arrow_forwardUsing appropriate formula determine the decay constant (λ) for the parent-daughter isotope pair, 235U/207Pb. The half-life for this isotope pair is 713,000,000 years. Note that the decay constant (λ) of a radioactive nuclide is its probability of decay per unit time (units: s−1 or a−1). Select the correct option and explain A. 494,109,000/year B. 1,028,860,000/year C. 85775/year D. 85775e-10/yeararrow_forwardPotassium-Argon dating is a common method of determining the age of rocks based on the time they were last liquified, and thus we can determine the age of a surface by examining the ratio of the parent K40 to the decay product Ar40. This works because argon is a gas, which is free to bubble out of liquified rock whenever the rock is hot enough to no longer be in it's solid state (think of magma covering a surface). This means that just after the rock solidifies, there should be effectively no Ar40 remaining and that any Ar40 that we do find in the rock at the time of the collection of the sample must be due to radioactive decay. With all of this in mind, if we find that a rock sample has 31 Ar40 atoms for every 1 K40 atom, and the half-life of K40 is 1.3 billion years, how much time has passed in years since that rock was geologically active (aka it was last liquified)?arrow_forward
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