Understandable Statistics: Concepts And Methods
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337517508
Author: Charles Henry Brase, Corrinne Pellillo Brase
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 3, Problem 9CRP
a.
To determine
Check whether there is a guaranteed amount of water the farmers, ranchers, and cities will get from the Yellowstone River each year.
a.
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 9CRP
No, there is no guaranteed amount of water the farmers, ranchers, and cities get from the Yellowstone River each year.
Explanation of Solution
The important source of water for wildlife, rancher, farmers, and cities downstream is Yellowstone River. The data show that the annual flow for recent 19 years of the Yellowstone River, which does not show any guarantee that they give water for each year.
The annual flows are random variables. Hence, there is no guaranteed amount of water the farmers, ranchers, and cities will get from the Yellowstone River each year.
b.
To determine
Find the expected annual flow from the Yellowstone snowmelt.
Find the
b.
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 9CRP
The expected annual flow from the Yellowstone snowmelt is 27.05.
The value of mean is 27.05.
The value of median is 25.9.
The value of mode is 25.9.
Explanation of Solution
Step-by-step procedure to obtain the mean, median, and mode using the MINITAB software:
- Choose Stat > Basic Statistics > Display
Descriptive Statistics . - In Variables enter the columns Annual flow.
- Check Options, Select Mean, Median and Mode.
- Click OK in all dialogue boxes.
The output obtained using the MINITAB software is given below:
From the MINITAB output, the value of mean is 27.05, the value of median is 25.9, and the value of mode is 25.9.
c.
To determine
Find the
c.
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 9CRP
The range is 27.6.
The value of standard deviation is 6.61.
Explanation of Solution
Step-by-step procedure to obtain the range and standard deviation using the MINITAB software:
- Choose Stat > Basic Statistics > Display Descriptive Statistics.
- In Variables enter the columns Annual flow.
- Check Options, Select Mean, Median and Mode.
- Click OK in all dialogue boxes.
The output obtained using the MINITAB software is given below:
From the MINITAB output, the range is 27.6 and the value of standard deviation is 6.61.
d.
To determine
Find the 75% Chebyshev interval around the mean.
d.
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 9CRP
The 75% Chebyshev interval around the mean is 13.83 and 40.27.
Explanation of Solution
The 75% Chebyshev interval around the mean is obtained below:
Thus, the 75% Chebyshev interval around the mean for Grid E is 0.77 and 39.93.
e.
To determine
Find the five-number summary of the annual water flow.
Draw the box-and-whisker plot.
Interpret the five-number summary and box-and-whisker plot.
Find the values where the middle portion of the data lies.
Find the
Identify the data outliers.
e.
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 9CRP
The five-number summary of the annual water flow is 17.5, 23.7, 25.9, 31.8, and 45.1.
The box-and-whisker plot is shown below:
The middle portion of the data lies between 23.7 and 31.8.
The value of interquartile range is 8.1.
The value 45.1 is an outlier.
Explanation of Solution
Step-by-step procedure to obtain the five-number summary of the annual water flow using MINITAB software:
- Choose Stat > Basic Statistics > Display Descriptive Statistics.
- In Variables enter the columns Annual flow.
- Check Options, Select Minimum, Maximum, first
quartile , Median, third quartile and IQR. - Click OK in all dialogue boxes.
The output obtained using the MINITAB software is given below:
From the MINITAB output, the five-number summary of annual water flow is 17.5, 23.7, 25.9, 31.8, and 45.1.
Step-by-step procedure to draw the box-and-whisker plot using the MINITAB software:
- Choose Graph > Boxplot or Stat > EDA > Boxplot.
- Under One Y, choose Simple. Click OK.
- In Graph variables, enter the data of Annual flow.
- Click OK in all dialogue boxes.
Interpretation:
From the box-and-whisker plot, it is observed that the distribution of the annual water flow is skewed to the right.
From the output, it is observed that the middle portion of the data lies between 23.7 and 31.8.
From the MINITAB output, the value of interquartile range is 8.1.
From the box-and-whisker plot, it is observed that the value 45.1 is an outlier.
f.
To determine
Check whether the Madison is more reliable using the coefficient of variation.
f.
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
Step-by-step procedure to obtain the coefficient of variation using the MINITAB software:
- Choose Stat > Basic Statistics > Display Descriptive Statistics.
- In Variables enter the columns Yellowstone and Madison.
- Check Options, Select coefficient of variation.
- Click OK in all dialogue boxes.
The output obtained using the MINITAB software is given below:
From the MINITAB output, the coefficient of variation for the annual water flow of Yellowstone is 24.43, and the coefficient of variation for the annual water flow of Madison is 16.6.
From the result, it is observed that the coefficient of variation for the water flow of Madison is smaller when compared to the coefficient of variation for the annual water flow of Yellowstone. This indicates that the spread of river flow is smaller for Madison river. Hence, the Madison flower is more consistent.
g.
To determine
Check whether it is safe to allocate at least 27 units of Yellowstone River water each year for agricultural and domestic use.
g.
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
From the results, it is observed that the median water flow of Yellowstone River is 25.9, which indicates that more than half of the river flows are below 27 units.
Hence, it is not safe to allocate at least 27 units of Yellowstone River water each year for agricultural and domestic use.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
A marketing professor has surveyed the students at her university to better understand attitudes towards PPT usage for higher education. To be able to make inferences to the entire student body, the sample drawn needs to represent the university’s student population on all key characteristics. The table below shows the five key student demographic variables. The professor found the breakdown of the overall student body in the university’s fact book posted online.
A non-parametric chi-square test was used to test the sample demographics against the population percentages shown in the table above. Review the output for the five chi-square tests on the following pages and answer the five questions:
Based on the chi-square test, which sample variables adequately represent the university’s student population and which ones do not? Support your answer by providing the p-value of the chi-square test and explaining what it means.
Using the results from Question 1, make recommendation for…
A marketing professor has surveyed the students at her university to better understand attitudes towards PPT usage for higher education. To be able to make inferences to the entire student body, the sample drawn needs to represent the university’s student population on all key characteristics. The table below shows the five key student demographic variables. The professor found the breakdown of the overall student body in the university’s fact book posted online.
A non-parametric chi-square test was used to test the sample demographics against the population percentages shown in the table above. Review the output for the five chi-square tests on the following pages and answer the five questions:
Based on the chi-square test, which sample variables adequately represent the university’s student population and which ones do not? Support your answer by providing the p-value of the chi-square test and explaining what it means.
Using the results from Question 1, make recommendation for…
A retail chain is interested in determining whether a digital video point-of-purchase (POP) display would stimulate higher sales for a brand advertised compared to the standard cardboard point-of-purchase display. To test this, a one-shot static group design experiment was conducted over a four-week period in 100 different stores. Fifty stores were randomly assigned to the control treatment (standard display) and the other 50 stores were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment (digital display). Compare the sales of the control group (standard POP) to the experimental group (digital POP).
What were the average sales for the standard POP display (control group)?
What were the sales for the digital display (experimental group)?
What is the (mean) difference in sales between the experimental group and control group?
List the null hypothesis being tested.
Do you reject or retain the null hypothesis based on the results of the independent t-test?
Was the difference between the…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Understandable Statistics: Concepts And Methods
Ch. 3.1 - Statistical Literacy Consider the mode, median,...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 4PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 5PCh. 3.1 - Basic Computation: Mean, Median, Mode Find the...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 7PCh. 3.1 - Critical Thinking Consider a data set with at...Ch. 3.1 - Critical Thinking Consider a data set with at...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 3.1 - Critical Thinking When a distribution is...Ch. 3.1 - Critical Thinking Consider the following types of...Ch. 3.1 - Critical Thinking Consider the numbers 2 3 4 5 5...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 14PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 15PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 16PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 17PCh. 3.1 - Critical Thinking Consider a data set of 15...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 19PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 20PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 21PCh. 3.1 - Football: Age of Professional Players How old are...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 23PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 24PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 25PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 26PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 27PCh. 3.1 - Prob. 28PCh. 3.1 - Expand Your Knowledge: Harmonic Mean When data...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 30PCh. 3.2 - Statistical Literacy Which averagemean, median, or...Ch. 3.2 - Statistical Literacy What is the relationship...Ch. 3.2 - Statistical Literacy When computing the standard...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 5PCh. 3.2 - Basic Computation: Range, Standard Deviation...Ch. 3.2 - Critical Thinking For a given data set in which...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 8PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 9PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 10PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 11PCh. 3.2 - Critical Thinking: Outliers One indicator of an...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 13PCh. 3.2 - Basic Computation: Coefficient of Variation,...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 15PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 16PCh. 3.2 - Space Shuttle: Epoxy Kevlar epoxy is a material...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 18PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 19PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 20PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 21PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 22PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 23PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 24PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 25PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 26PCh. 3.2 - Brain Teaser: Sum of Squares If you like...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 28PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 29PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 30PCh. 3.3 - Statistical Literacy Angela took a general...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 2PCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3PCh. 3.3 - Prob. 4PCh. 3.3 - Prob. 5PCh. 3.3 - Basic Computation: Five-Number Summary,...Ch. 3.3 - Health Care: Nurses At Center Hospital there is...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 8PCh. 3.3 - Prob. 9PCh. 3.3 - Sociology: High School Dropouts What percentage of...Ch. 3.3 - Auto Insurance: Interpret Graphs Consumer Reports...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 12PCh. 3 - Prob. 1CRPCh. 3 - Critical Thinking Look at the two histograms...Ch. 3 - Critical Thinking Consider the following Minitab...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4CRPCh. 3 - Political Science: Georgia Democrats How...Ch. 3 - Grades: Weighted Average Professor Cramer...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7CRPCh. 3 - Agriculture: Harvest Weight of Maize The following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9CRPCh. 3 - Agriculture: Bell Peppers The pathogen...Ch. 3 - Performance Rating: Weighted Average A performance...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1DHCh. 3 - Prob. 2DHCh. 3 - Prob. 1UTCh. 3 - Prob. 1CURPCh. 3 - Describe how the presence of possible outliers...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3CURPCh. 3 - Prob. 4CURPCh. 3 - Prob. 5CURPCh. 3 - Prob. 6CURPCh. 3 - Prob. 7CURPCh. 3 - In west Texas, water is extremely important. The...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9CURPCh. 3 - Prob. 10CURPCh. 3 - Prob. 11CURPCh. 3 - In west Texas, water is extremely important. The...Ch. 3 - Prob. 13CURPCh. 3 - Prob. 14CURPCh. 3 - Prob. 15CURPCh. 3 - In west Texas, water is extremely important. The...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17CURP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What were the average sales for the four weeks prior to the experiment? What were the sales during the four weeks when the stores used the digital display? What is the mean difference in sales between the experimental and regular POP time periods? State the null hypothesis being tested by the paired sample t-test. Do you reject or retain the null hypothesis? At a 95% significance level, was the difference significant? Explain why or why not using the results from the paired sample t-test. Should the manager of the retail chain install new digital displays in each store? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardA retail chain is interested in determining whether a digital video point-of-purchase (POP) display would stimulate higher sales for a brand advertised compared to the standard cardboard point-of-purchase display. To test this, a one-shot static group design experiment was conducted over a four-week period in 100 different stores. Fifty stores were randomly assigned to the control treatment (standard display) and the other 50 stores were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment (digital display). Compare the sales of the control group (standard POP) to the experimental group (digital POP). What were the average sales for the standard POP display (control group)? What were the sales for the digital display (experimental group)? What is the (mean) difference in sales between the experimental group and control group? List the null hypothesis being tested. Do you reject or retain the null hypothesis based on the results of the independent t-test? Was the difference between the…arrow_forwardQuestion 4 An article in Quality Progress (May 2011, pp. 42-48) describes the use of factorial experiments to improve a silver powder production process. This product is used in conductive pastes to manufacture a wide variety of products ranging from silicon wafers to elastic membrane switches. Powder density (g/cm²) and surface area (cm/g) are the two critical characteristics of this product. The experiments involved three factors: reaction temperature, ammonium percentage, stirring rate. Each of these factors had two levels, and the design was replicated twice. The design is shown in Table 3. A222222222222233 Stir Rate (RPM) Ammonium (%) Table 3: Silver Powder Experiment from Exercise 13.23 Temperature (°C) Density Surface Area 100 8 14.68 0.40 100 8 15.18 0.43 30 100 8 15.12 0.42 30 100 17.48 0.41 150 7.54 0.69 150 8 6.66 0.67 30 150 8 12.46 0.52 30 150 8 12.62 0.36 100 40 10.95 0.58 100 40 17.68 0.43 30 100 40 12.65 0.57 30 100 40 15.96 0.54 150 40 8.03 0.68 150 40 8.84 0.75 30 150…arrow_forward
- - + ++ Table 2: Crack Experiment for Exercise 2 A B C D Treatment Combination (1) Replicate I II 7.037 6.376 14.707 15.219 |++++ 1 བྱ॰༤༠སྦྱོ སྦྱོཋཏྟཱུ a b ab 11.635 12.089 17.273 17.815 с ас 10.403 10.151 4.368 4.098 bc abc 9.360 9.253 13.440 12.923 d 8.561 8.951 ad 16.867 17.052 bd 13.876 13.658 abd 19.824 19.639 cd 11.846 12.337 acd 6.125 5.904 bcd 11.190 10.935 abcd 15.653 15.053 Question 3 Continuation of Exercise 2. One of the variables in the experiment described in Exercise 2, heat treatment method (C), is a categorical variable. Assume that the remaining factors are continuous. (a) Write two regression models for predicting crack length, one for each level of the heat treatment method variable. What differences, if any, do you notice in these two equations? (b) Generate appropriate response surface contour plots for the two regression models in part (a). (c) What set of conditions would you recommend for the factors A, B, and D if you use heat treatment method C = +? (d) Repeat…arrow_forwardQuestion 2 A nickel-titanium alloy is used to make components for jet turbine aircraft engines. Cracking is a potentially serious problem in the final part because it can lead to nonrecoverable failure. A test is run at the parts producer to determine the effect of four factors on cracks. The four factors are: pouring temperature (A), titanium content (B), heat treatment method (C), amount of grain refiner used (D). Two replicates of a 24 design are run, and the length of crack (in mm x10-2) induced in a sample coupon subjected to a standard test is measured. The data are shown in Table 2. 1 (a) Estimate the factor effects. Which factor effects appear to be large? (b) Conduct an analysis of variance. Do any of the factors affect cracking? Use a = 0.05. (c) Write down a regression model that can be used to predict crack length as a function of the significant main effects and interactions you have identified in part (b). (d) Analyze the residuals from this experiment. (e) Is there an…arrow_forwardA 24-1 design has been used to investigate the effect of four factors on the resistivity of a silicon wafer. The data from this experiment are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Resistivity Experiment for Exercise 5 Run A B с D Resistivity 1 23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 I+I+I+I+Oooo 0 0 ||++TI++o000 33.2 4.6 31.2 9.6 40.6 162.4 39.4 158.6 63.4 62.6 58.7 0 0 60.9 3 (a) Estimate the factor effects. Plot the effect estimates on a normal probability scale. (b) Identify a tentative model for this process. Fit the model and test for curvature. (c) Plot the residuals from the model in part (b) versus the predicted resistivity. Is there any indication on this plot of model inadequacy? (d) Construct a normal probability plot of the residuals. Is there any reason to doubt the validity of the normality assumption?arrow_forward
- Stem1: 1,4 Stem 2: 2,4,8 Stem3: 2,4 Stem4: 0,1,6,8 Stem5: 0,1,2,3,9 Stem 6: 2,2 What’s the Min,Q1, Med,Q3,Max?arrow_forwardAre the t-statistics here greater than 1.96? What do you conclude? colgPA= 1.39+0.412 hsGPA (.33) (0.094) Find the P valuearrow_forwardA poll before the elections showed that in a given sample 79% of people vote for candidate C. How many people should be interviewed so that the pollsters can be 99% sure that from 75% to 83% of the population will vote for candidate C? Round your answer to the whole number.arrow_forward
- Suppose a random sample of 459 married couples found that 307 had two or more personality preferences in common. In another random sample of 471 married couples, it was found that only 31 had no preferences in common. Let p1 be the population proportion of all married couples who have two or more personality preferences in common. Let p2 be the population proportion of all married couples who have no personality preferences in common. Find a95% confidence interval for . Round your answer to three decimal places.arrow_forwardA history teacher interviewed a random sample of 80 students about their preferences in learning activities outside of school and whether they are considering watching a historical movie at the cinema. 69 answered that they would like to go to the cinema. Let p represent the proportion of students who want to watch a historical movie. Determine the maximal margin of error. Use α = 0.05. Round your answer to three decimal places. arrow_forwardA random sample of medical files is used to estimate the proportion p of all people who have blood type B. If you have no preliminary estimate for p, how many medical files should you include in a random sample in order to be 99% sure that the point estimate will be within a distance of 0.07 from p? Round your answer to the next higher whole number.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Algebra for College StudentsAlgebraISBN:9781285195780Author:Jerome E. Kaufmann, Karen L. SchwittersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Intermediate AlgebraAlgebraISBN:9781285195728Author:Jerome E. Kaufmann, Karen L. SchwittersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary AlgebraAlgebraISBN:9780998625713Author:Lynn Marecek, MaryAnne Anthony-SmithPublisher:OpenStax - Rice University
Algebra: Structure And Method, Book 1AlgebraISBN:9780395977224Author:Richard G. Brown, Mary P. Dolciani, Robert H. Sorgenfrey, William L. ColePublisher:McDougal Littell
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Algebra for College Students
Algebra
ISBN:9781285195780
Author:Jerome E. Kaufmann, Karen L. Schwitters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Intermediate Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9781285195728
Author:Jerome E. Kaufmann, Karen L. Schwitters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9780998625713
Author:Lynn Marecek, MaryAnne Anthony-Smith
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University
Algebra: Structure And Method, Book 1
Algebra
ISBN:9780395977224
Author:Richard G. Brown, Mary P. Dolciani, Robert H. Sorgenfrey, William L. Cole
Publisher:McDougal Littell
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
what is Research Design, Research Design Types, and Research Design Methods; Author: Educational Hub;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpmGSioXxdo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY