Bundle: Principles of Economics, 8th + MindTap Economics, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337378710
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 3, Problem 4PA
Subpart (a):
To determine
Calculate the opportunity cost .
Subpart (b):
To determine
Draw production possibility frontier .
Subpart (c):
To determine
Specialization and increase in consumption.
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Gary and Brenda both have similar businesses in the garment industry making caps and backpacks. In one day, Gary can make 60 caps and 12 backpacks when he divides his production resources equally between the two products. In one day, Brenda can produce 80 caps and 20 backpacks. Answer the following questions and show all calculations to support your answers.
a. Who has the comparative advantage in producing backpacks? Explain with calculations.b. What is Brenda's opportunity cost of making a cap compared to Gary's? Explain with calculations.c. Based on your calculations in a) and b) above, who should specialize in making what if they intend to trade? Explain with calculations.d. If Gary and Brenda decide to specialize in what they do best, what would be the new production per day for each of them? Explain with calculations.e. If Gary and Brenda decide to trade, what would be the terms of trade for a backpack and how does each benefit from trading? Explain with calculations.
Country A
Country B
200
corn
600
150
375 100
50
50 75100
150
200
cars
25
50
75
100
cars
a) What is the opportunity cost of making cars in each country? Make clear how you find this
and what it means.
b) If the countries were to specialize and trade, which country should specialize in making cars?
Why?
c) If the countries specialize completely according to comparative advantage (i.e.each
produces only what they have the comparative advantage in) what would be the total
production of cars and corn? How does this compare to the total production at their original
pre-trade production points?
d) Suppose the country that specializes in making only cars trades with the country that makes
no cars. The car-maker sends the other country as many cars as they were consuming before
trade. How much corn could the corn-making country trade for these cars and have both
countries be better off than they were before trade?
England and Scotland both produce scones and sweaters. Suppose that an English works can produce 50 scones per hour or 1 sweater per hour. Suppose that a Scottish worker can produce 40 scones per hour or 2 sweaters per hour.
a. Which country has the absolute advantage in the production of each good? Which country has the comparative advantage?
b. If England and Scotland decide to trade, which commodity will Scotland trade to England? Explain.
c. If a Scottish worker could produce only 1 sweater per hour, would Scotland still gain from trade? Would England still gain from trade? Explain.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Bundle: Principles of Economics, 8th + MindTap Economics, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card
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- Brazil can produce 100 pounds of beef or 10 autos. In contrast the United States can produce 40 pounds of beef or 30 autos. Which country has the absolute advantage in beef? Which country has the absolute advantage in producing autos? What is the opportunity cost of producing one pound of beef In Brazil? What is the opportunity cost of producing one pound of beef in the United States?arrow_forwardSuppose that in a year, a worker in China can produce 100 books or 20 televisions, while a worker in India can produce 100 books or 10 televisions. a. What is the opportunity cost of producing an additional book in each country? b. If the two countries trade with each other, which country should export which good and why? For trade to occur between China and India, what must be the international price of books? c. Suppose that China and India each have 100 workers. If each country decides to devote half of its workers to each industry, how many books and televisions does each country produce? What is the world output of books and televisions? d. Now, suppose that each country specializes by devoting all of its workers to the industry in which it has a comparative advantage. In this case, what is the world output of books and televisions?arrow_forwardSuppose that each worker in France can produce either 20 units of food per hour or 80 units of machinery per hour. At the same time, workers in Belgium can produce either 80 units of food per hour or 320 units of machinery per hour. a.Explain which country has an absolute advantage in the production of food. Which country has an absolute advantage in the production of machinery? b.Calculate the opportunity costs for food and machinery in France and Belgium.arrow_forward
- The countries of Sanaton and Microtania each produce two goods: Airplanes and Computers. The table below lists the opportunity costs associated with producing each good, for each country. Country Opportunity cost of producing 1 Airplanes Opportunity cost of producing 1 Computers Sanaton 4 Computers 0.25 Airplanes 2 Airplanes Microtania 0.5 Computers Currently, Sanaton does not trade with Microtania, and on its own produces 19 Airplanes and 24 Computers. On their own, Microtania produces 30 Airplanes and 35 Computers. Calculate total world supply: Airplanes: → Computers: If Sanaton decided to change its production of Airplanes by -2, calculate the change in the production of Computers: If Microtania changed its production of Airplanes by 8, calculate the change in production of Computers: Aarrow_forwardBob and Doug spend their workdays making beer and donuts. Bob's Opportunity Cost of producing a unit of donuts is 0.8 units of beer; Doug's Opportunity Cost of producing a unit of donuts is 0.25 units of beer. From this information alone, we know that A. B. C. D. Doug has an Absolute Advantage in the production of donuts and Bob has an Absolute Advantage in the production of beer. Doug has a Comparative Advantage in the production of both donuts and beer. Bob's Opportunity Cost of producing a unit of beer is 1.25 units of donuts and Doug's Opportunity Cost of producing a unit of beer is 4 units of donuts. None of the above answers are correct.arrow_forwardAn average worker in Brazil can produce an ounce of soybeans in 20 minutes and an ounce of coffee in 60 minutes, while an average worker in Peru can produce an ounce of soybeans in 50 minutes and an ounce of coffee in 75 minutes.a. Who has the absolute advantage in coffee? Explain.b. Who has the comparative advantage in cof-fee? Explain.c. If the two countries specialize and trade with each other, who will import coffee? Explain.d. Assume that the two countries trade and that the country importing coffee trades 2 ounces of soybeans for 1 ounce of coffee. Explain why both countries will benefit from this trade.arrow_forward
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