
Concept explainers
Explain the reason for models of climate change report, the temperature and CO2 levels only for 100 years in the future. Explain the reason for not using models to predict 200 years into the future.

Explanation of Solution
In the middle of the 20th century, the scientists have established that the value of carbon dioxide and temperature rise is matched with the actual data of 1850, about 100 years prior to the climatic model. The scientists have also observed that the error in the measurement of carbon dioxide by the climatic model is lower till 1950.
Hence, the models of climate change report, the temperature and CO2 levels only for 100 years into the future in order to have minimum error in the result.
The climatic model is not used to predict 200 years into the future as the error associated with the corresponding result will be high, leading to inaccurate and wrong measurement of carbon dioxide and temperature measurements.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Introduction to Sustainable Civil Engineering Design
- Vehicles arrive at a single park-entrance booth where a brochure is distributed. At 8 A.M., there are 20 vehicles in the queue and vehicles continue to arrive at the deterministic rate of λ(t) = 4.2 − 0.1t, where λ(t) is in vehicles per minute and t is in minutes after 8:00 A.M. From 8 A.M. until 8:10 A.M., vehicles are served at a constant deterministic rate of three per minute. Starting at 8:10 A.M., another brochure-distributing person is added and the brochure-service rate increases to six per minute (stillarrow_forwardVehicles arrive at a single park-entrance booth where a brochure is distributed. At 8 A.M., there are 20 vehicles in the queue and vehicles continue to arrive at the deterministic rate of λ(t) = 4.2 − 0.1t, where λ(t) is in vehicles per minute and t is in minutes after 8:00 A.M. From 8 A.M. until 8:10 A.M., vehicles are served at a constant deterministic rate of three per minute. Starting at 8:10 A.M., another brochure-distributing person is added and the brochure-service rate increases to six per minute (still at a single booth). Assuming D/D/1 queuing, determine the longest queue, the total delay from 8 A.M. until the queue dissipates; and the wait time of the 40th vehicle to arrive.arrow_forwardAt 8:00 A.M. there are 10 vehicles in a queue at a toll booth and vehicles are arriving at a rate of λ(t) = 6.9 − 0.2t. Beginning at 8 A.M., vehicles are being serviced at a rate of μ(t) = 2.1 + 0.3t [λ(t) and μ(t) are in vehicles per minute and t is in minutes after 8:00 A.M.]. Assuming D/D/1 queuing, what is the maximum queue length, and what would the total delay be from 8:00 A.M. until the queue clears?arrow_forward
- Introduction: Orifice and Free Flow Jet in Applied Fluid Mechanics' I need to introduction only for answerarrow_forwardcompute the load bearing capacity, displacement, stress distribution, tabulate the answersarrow_forwardcompute the load bearing capacity, displacement, and stress distribution, tabulate the answersarrow_forward
- compute the load bearing capacity, displacement, stress distribution, tabulate the answersarrow_forwardBy using the yield line theory, determine the ultimate resisting moment per linear meter (m) for an isotropic reinforced concrete two-way slab to sustain a concentrated factored load of P kN applied as shown in figure. Use equilibrium method in solution Column 2.0 P 8.0 m m m XXXXarrow_forwardBy using the yield line theory, determine the ultimate resisting moment (m) for an isotropic reinforced concrete two-way slab shown in figure under a uniform load (q). Use equilibrium method in solution m m column 20 m 20 marrow_forward
- In Tikrit city, environmental engineers are monitoring the diffusion of CO2 in the air as part of a pollution control study. The air-carbon dioxide mixture is at 295 K and 202.6 kPa, and the concentration of CO2 at two planes, 3 mm apart, is 25 vol.% at the first plane and 15 vol.% at the second plane. The diffusivity of CO2 in air under these conditions is 8.2 × 106 m²/s. The study aims to calculate the rate of CO2 transfer across these two planes in two different scenarios: 1. What is the main engineering issue being addressed in this scenario? 2. Calculate the concentration of CO2 at the two planes in mol/m³ and determine the rate of transfer of CO2 using the diffusivity of CO2 in air. 3. With an engineering solution approach to solve the issue, calculate the rate of transfer of CO2 across the two planes assuming two scenarios: equimolecular counter diffusion and diffusion through a stagnant air layer. 4. Determine if there is a significant difference between the results of…arrow_forwardIntroduction: Orifice and Free Flow Jet in Applied Fluid Mechanics' I need to introduction only for answerarrow_forwardThe circular slab of radius 2 m supported by three columns, as shown in figure, is to be isotropically reinforced. Find the ultimate resisting moment per linear meter (m) required just to sustain a uniformly distributed load (q) equals 16 kN/m². Use equilibrium method in solution m Column marrow_forward
- Engineering Fundamentals: An Introduction to Engi...Civil EngineeringISBN:9781305084766Author:Saeed MoaveniPublisher:Cengage LearningConstruction Materials, Methods and Techniques (M...Civil EngineeringISBN:9781305086272Author:William P. Spence, Eva KultermannPublisher:Cengage Learning


