
Concept explainers
1.
To prepare: T-account with balances of unadjusted
1.

Explanation of Solution
Cash Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 34,000 | Balance c/f | 34,000 |
34,000 | 34,000 | ||
Table(1) |
The ending balance is $34,000.
Accounts Receivable Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 0 |
0 | 0 | ||
Table(2) |
The ending balance is $0.
Teaching Supplies Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 8,000 | Balance c/f | 8,000 |
8,000 | 8,000 | ||
Table(3) |
The ending balance is $8,000.
Prepaid Insurance Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 12,000 | Balance c/f | 12,000 |
12,000 | 12,000 | ||
Table(4) |
The ending balance is $12,000.
Prepaid Rent Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 3,000 | Balance c/f | 3,000 |
3,000 | 3,000 | ||
Table(5) |
The ending balance is $3,000.
Professional Library Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 35,000 | Balance c/f | 35,000 |
35,000 | 35,000 | ||
Table(6) |
The ending balance is $35,000.
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 10,000 | Balance b/f | 10,000 |
10,000 | 10,000 | ||
Table(7) |
The ending balance is $10,000.
Equipment Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 80,000 | Balance c/f | 80,000 |
80,000 | 80,000 | ||
Table(8) |
The ending balance is $80,000.
Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 15,000 | Balance b/f | 15,000 |
15,000 | 15,000 | ||
Table(9) |
The ending balance is $15,000.
Accounts Payable Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 26,000 | Balance b/f | 26,000 |
26,000 | 26,000 | ||
Table(10) |
The ending balance is $26,000.
Salaries Payable Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 0 | Balance b/f | 0 |
0 | 0 | ||
Table(11) |
The ending balance is $0.
Unearned Training Fees Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 12,500 | Balance b/f | 12,500 |
12,500 | 12,500 | ||
Table(12) |
The ending balance is $12,500.
Common Stock Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 10,000 | Balance b/f | 10,000 |
10,000 | 10,000 | ||
Table(13) |
The ending balance is $10,000.
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 80,000 | Balance b/f | 80,000 |
80,000 | 80,000 | ||
Table(14) |
The ending balance is $80,000.
Dividends Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 50,000 | Balance c/f | 50,000 |
50,000 | 50,000 | ||
Table(15) |
The ending balance is $50,000.
Tuition Fees Earned Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 123,900 | Balance b/f | 123,900 |
123,900 | 123,900 | ||
Table(16) |
The ending balance is $123,900.
Training Fees Earned Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 40,000 | Balance b/f | 40,000 |
40,000 | 40,000 | ||
Table(17) |
The ending balance is $40,000.
Depreciation expense-Professional Library Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 0 |
0 | 0 | ||
Table(18) |
The ending balance is $0.
Depreciation expense-Equipment Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 0 |
0 | 0 | ||
Table(19) |
The ending balance is $0.
Salaries Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 50,000 | Balance c/f | 50,000 |
50,000 | 50,000 | ||
Table(20) |
The ending balance is $50,000.
Insurance Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 0 |
0 | 0 | ||
Table(21) |
The ending balance is $0.
Rent Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 33,000 | Balance c/f | 33,000 |
33,000 | 33,000 | ||
Table(22) |
The ending balance is $33,000.
Teaching Supplies Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 0 |
0 | 0 | ||
Table(23) |
The ending balance is $0.
Advertising Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 6,000 | Balance c/f | 6,000 |
6,000 | 6,000 | ||
Table(24) |
The ending balance is $6,000.
Utilities Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 6,400 | Balance c/f | 6,4 00 |
6,400 | 6,400 | ||
Table(25) |
The ending balance is $6,400.
2.
a.
To prepare:
2.
a.

Explanation of Solution
Date | Particulars | Post ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31 | Insurance Expenses | 2,400 | ||
Prepaid Insurance | 2,400 | |||
(Being insurance coverage worth $2,400 has expired.) | ||||
Table(26) |
- Insurance expense is an expense. Since, expense decreases equity. Hence, insurance expense account is debited.
- Prepaid insurance is an asset. Since, some time has elapsed, it uses up some of insurance, which reduces assets. Hence, credit prepaid insurance.
b.
To prepare: Adjusting entries.
b.

Explanation of Solution
Date | Particulars | Post ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31 | Teaching Supplies Expenses | 5,200 | ||
Teaching Supplies | 5,200 | |||
(Being Teaching supplies got exhausted during the period.) | ||||
Table(27) |
- Teaching supplies expense is an expense. Since, expense decreases equity, teaching supplies expense is debited.
- Teaching Supplies is an asset. Since, teaching supplies is used up, it decreases asset. Hence, debit teaching supplies account.
Working note:
Calculation of teaching supplies used:
c.
To prepare: Adjusting entries.
c.

Explanation of Solution
Date | Particulars | Post ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31 | 13,200 | |||
Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment | 13,200 | |||
(Being Depreciation expense transfer to accumulated depreciation .) | ||||
Table(28) |
- Depreciation expense is an expense. Since, depreciation decreases equity, depreciation expense account is debited.
- Accumulated Depreciation is a Contra asset. Contra asset account normally has credit balance. Hence, credit accumulated depreciation account
d.
To prepare: Adjusting entries.
d.

Explanation of Solution
Date | Particulars | Post ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31 | Depreciation Expense | 7,200 | ||
Accumulated Depreciation-Professional library | 7,200 | |||
(Being depreciation expense transfer to accumulated depreciation.) | ||||
Table(29) |
- Depreciation expense is an expense. Since, depreciation decreases equity, depreciation expense account is debited.
- Accumulated Depreciation is a Contra asset. Contra asset account normally has credit balance. Hence, credit accumulated depreciation account.
e.
To prepare: Adjusting entries.
e.

Explanation of Solution
Date | Particulars | Post ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31 | Unearned Training Fees | 5,000 | ||
Training Fees Earned | 5,000 | |||
(Being services provided for 2 months for which advance payment, we received.) | ||||
Table(30) |
- Unearned training fees are a liability. Since, revenue received in advance is used up for two month, it decreases liability. So, debit unearned training fees account
- Training Fees Earned is revenue. Since, revenue is earned and received, asset is increased. So, credit training fees earned account.
Working note:
Calculation of total training fees earned:
f.
To prepare: Adjusting entries.
f.

Explanation of Solution
Date | Particulars | Post ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31 | Accounts Receivable | 7,500 | ||
Tuition Fees Earned | 7,500 | |||
(Being training fees earned but not received yet)) | ||||
Table(31) |
- Accounts receivable is an asset. Since, the revenue is earned, the asset has increased. So, debit account receivable account.
- Tuition fees earned is revenue. Since, revenue increases equity, tuition fee account is debited.
Working note:
Calculation of total tuition fees earned,
g.
To prepare: Adjusting entries.
g.

Explanation of Solution
Date | Particulars | Post ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31 | Salaries Expenses | 400 | ||
Salaries payable | 400 | |||
(Being salary accrued but not paid) | ||||
Table(32) |
- Salaries expense is an expense. Since, expense decrease equity, salaries expense is debited.
- Salaries payable is a liability. Since, salary expense has occurred but not paid yet, it increases liability. Hence credit salaries payable account
Working note:
Calculation of accrued salary,
h.
To prepare: Adjusting entries.
h.

Explanation of Solution
Date | Particulars | Post ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31 | Rent Expenses | 3,000 | ||
Prepaid Rent | 3,000 | |||
(Being prepaid rent has been used.) | ||||
Table(33) |
- Rent expense is an expense. Since, expense decrease equity. Hence, salaries expense is debited.
- Prepaid rent is an asset. Since, amount paid in advance, increases asset. That’s why prepaid rent account is debited.
3.
To prepare: Ledger account for the adjusting entries and an adjusted trial balance.
3.

Explanation of Solution
Update T-accounts for the adjusting entries.
Cash Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 34,000 | Balance c/f | 34,000 |
34,000 | 34,000 | ||
Table(34) |
The ending balance is $34,000.
Accounts Receivable Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 7,500 |
Training Fees Earned | 7,500 | ||
7,500 | 7,500 | ||
Table(35) |
The ending balance is $7,500.
Teaching Supplies Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 8,000 | Teaching Supplies Expense | 5,200 |
Balance c/f | 2,800 | ||
8,000 | 8,000 | ||
Table(36) |
The ending balance is $2,800.
Prepaid Insurance Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 12,000 | Insurance expense | 2,400 |
Balance c/f | 9,600 | ||
12,000 | 12,000 | ||
Table(37) |
The ending balance is $9,600.
Prepaid Rent Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 3,000 | Rent Expense | 3,000 |
3,000 | 3,000 | ||
Table(38) |
The ending balance is $3,000.
Professional Library Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 35,000 | Balance c/f | 35,000 |
35,000 | 35,000 | ||
Table(39) |
The ending balance is $35,000.
Accumulated Depreciation-Professional Library Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 17,200 | Balance b/f | 10,000 |
Depreciation | 7,200 | ||
17,200 | 17,200 | ||
Table(40) |
The ending balance is $17,200.
Equipment Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 80,000 | Balance c/f | 80,000 |
80,000 | 80,000 | ||
Table(41) |
The ending balance is $80,000.
Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 28,200 | Balance b/f | 15,000 |
Depreciation | 13,200 | ||
28,200 | 28,200 | ||
Table(42) |
The ending balance is $28,200.
Accounts Payable Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 26,000 | Balance b/f | 26,000 |
26,000 | 26,000 | ||
Table(43) |
The ending balance is $26,000.
Salaries Payable Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 400 | Balance b/f | 0 |
Salaries Expense | 400 | ||
400 | 400 | ||
Table(44) |
The ending balance is $400.
Unearned Training Fees Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Training Fees Earned | 5,000 | Balance b/f | 12,500 |
Balance c/f | 7,500 | ||
17,500 | 17,500 | ||
Table(45) |
The ending balance is $7,500.
Common Stock Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 10,000 | Balance b/f | 10,000 |
10,000 | 10,000 | ||
Table(46) |
The ending balance is $10,000.
Retained Earnings Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 80,000 | Balance b/f | 80,000 |
80,000 | 80,000 | ||
Table(47) |
The ending balance is $80,000.
Dividends Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 50,000 | Balance c/f | 50,000 |
50,000 | 50,000 | ||
Table(48) |
The ending balance is $50,000.
Tuition Fees Earned Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 131,400 | Balance b/f | 123,900 |
Accounts Receivable | 7,500 | ||
131,400 | 131,400 | ||
Table(49) |
The ending balance is $131,400.
Training Fees Earned Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance c/f | 40,000 | Balance b/f | 40,000 |
Unearned training Fees | 5,000 | ||
45,000 | 45,000 | ||
Table(50) |
The ending balance is $45,000.
Depreciation expense-Professional Library Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 7,200 |
Accumulated Depreciation-Professional Library | 7,200 | ||
7,200 | 7,200 | ||
Table(51) |
The ending balance is $7,200.
Depreciation expense-Equipment Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 13,200 |
Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment | 13,200 | ||
13,200 | 13,200 | ||
Table(52) |
The ending balance is $13,200.
Salaries Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 50,000 | Balance c/f | 50,400 |
Salaries payable | 400 | ||
50,400 | 50,400 | ||
Table(53) |
The ending balance is $50,400.
Insurance Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 2,400 |
Prepaid Insurance | 2,400 | ||
2,400 | 2,400 | ||
Table(54) |
The ending balance is $2,400.
Rent Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 33,000 | Balance c/f | 36,000 |
Prepaid Rent | 3,000 | ||
36,000 | 36,000 | ||
Table(55) |
The ending balance is $36,000.
Teaching Supplies Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 0 | Balance c/f | 5,200 |
Teaching Supplies Expense | 5,200 | ||
5,200 | 5,200 | ||
Table(56) |
The ending balance is $5,200.
Advertising Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 6,000 | Balance c/f | 6,000 |
6,000 | 6,000 | ||
Table(57) |
The ending balance is $6,000.
Utilities Expense Account | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Particulars | Credit ($) |
Balance b/f | 6,400 | Balance c/f | 6,400 |
6,400 | 6,400 | ||
Table(58) |
The ending balance is $6,400.
W.T.I. Company | |||
Adjusted Trial Balance | |||
For the year ended on December 31, 2017 | |||
Particulars | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
Cash | 34,000 | ||
Account Receivable | 7,500 | ||
Teaching Supplies | 2,800 | ||
Prepaid Insurance | 9,600 | ||
Prepaid rent | 0 | ||
Professional Library | 35,000 | ||
Accumulated Depreciation-Professional Library | 17,200 | ||
Equipment | 80,000 | ||
Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment | 28,200 | ||
Accounts payable | 26,000 | ||
Salaries payable | 400 | ||
Unearned training fees | 7,500 | ||
Common stock | 10,000 | ||
Retained earning | 80,000 | ||
Dividends | 50,000 | ||
Tuition Fees Earned | 131,400 | ||
Training fees earned | 45,000 | ||
Depreciation expense-Professional Library | 7,200 | ||
Depreciation expense-Equipment | 13,200 | ||
Salaries Expense | 50,400 | ||
Insurance Expense | 2,400 | ||
Rent expense | 36,000 | ||
Teaching supplies expense | 5,200 | ||
Advertising expense | 6,000 | ||
Utilities expense | 6,400 | ||
Totals | 345,700 | 345,700 | |
Table(59) |
4.
To prepare: Income statement, statement of retained earnings and
4.

Explanation of Solution
W.T.I. Company | |||
Income Statement | |||
For year ended on December 31, 2017 | |||
Particulars | Amount ($) | Amount ($) | |
Revenue: | |||
Service Revenue | 176,400 | ||
Total Revenue | 176,400 | ||
Expenses: | |||
Insurance Expense | 2,400 | ||
Salaries Expense | 50,400 | ||
Teaching Supplies Expense | 5,200 | ||
Rent expenses | 36,000 | ||
Advertising Expense | 6,000 | ||
Utility Expense | 6,400 | ||
Depreciation Expense-Professional Library | 7,200 | ||
Depreciation Expense-Equipment | 13,200 | ||
Total Expense | 126,800 | ||
Net income | 49,600 | ||
Table(60) |
Net income of W.T.I. Company is $49,600.
Working note:
Calculation of service revenue,
Prepare Retained Earnings Statement:
W.T.I. Company | |||
Retained Earnings Statement | |||
For year ended on December 31, 2017 | |||
Particulars | Amount ($) | ||
Opening balance | 80,000 | ||
Net income | 49,600 | ||
Dividends | (50,000) | ||
Retained earnings | 79,600 | ||
Table(61) |
Therefore, retained earnings of W.T.I. Company are $79,600.
Prepare balance sheet:
W.T.I. Company | |||
Balance sheet | |||
As on December 31, 2017 | |||
Particulars | Amount ($) | ||
Assets | |||
Cash | 34,000 | ||
Account Receivable | 7,500 | ||
Teaching Supplies | 2,800 | ||
Prepaid Insurance | 9,600 | ||
Prepaid rent | 0 | ||
Equipment | 80,000 | ||
Less: Accumulated depreciation | (28,200) | 51,800 | |
Professional Library | 35,000 | ||
Less: Accumulated Depreciation | (17,200) | 17,800 | |
Total Assets | 123,500 | ||
Liabilities and | |||
Liabilities | |||
Accounts Payable | 26,000 | ||
Salaries Payable | 400 | ||
Unearned training Fees | 7,500 | ||
Stockholder’s Equity | |||
Common Stock | 10,000 | ||
Retained earnings | 79,600 | ||
Total stockholders’ equity | 89,600 | ||
Total Liabilities and Stockholder’s equity | 123,500 | ||
Table(62) |
Balance sheet total is $123,500.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
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