Sustainable Energy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133108689
Author: Richard A. Dunlap
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 3P
To determine
Calculate the cost of energy per gigajoule of each fossil fuel.
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Assume that gasoline is burned with 99% efficiency in a car engine, with 1% remaining unbumed in the exhaust gases as VOCs; If the engine exhausts 16 kg of gases (MW = 30) for each kg of gasoline (MW = 100), calculate the fraction of VOCs in the exhaust. Give your answer in parts per million.
An average American consumes approximately 105 kJ of energy per day. The average life expectancy of an American is 77.9 years.
How much coal would need to be burned to provide enough energy to meet a person's energy demands if the efficiency of energy production from coal is 38%?
☐g coal
1) Heating the water in a 55-gallon water heater requires about 2.0 x 103 kJ of energy.
a) Assume the energy came from natural gas with 80% efficiency; how many grams of natural gas are required?
b) Assume the energy came from electricity with 80% efficiency and that the electricity was produced from the combustion of coal with 30% efficiency; how many grams of coal are required?
For problem above, calculate how much CO2 in grams is emitted to the atmosphere.
For a: Use the balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4) to determine how many grams of CO2are produced from the amount of natural gas required.
For b: Assume that coal produces 5.25 kJ of energy per gram of CO2 produced. Calculate how much CO2 in grams is produced.
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- Read the question carefully and give me right solution according to the questionarrow_forwardIt has been suggested that carbon dioxide emissions should be taxed at $30 per metric ton (106 g C). Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere would be worth the same amount. Assume that the atmospheric mixing ratio of CO2 is 400 ppm. What is the value of the carbon in 1 cubic kilometer (km3) of air at Earth’s surface? Calculate the value of all the CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere? [Hints: The total atmospheric mass is 5.1480×1018 kg and it is composed of 80% N2 and 20% O2.arrow_forwardProblem 10 A homeowner is trying to decide between a high-efficiency natural gas furnace with an efficiency of 95 percent and a ground-source heat pump with a COP of 3.3. The unit costs of electricity and natural gas are $0.112/kWh and $1.44/therm (1 therm = 105, 500 kJ). Determine which system will have a lower energy cost.arrow_forward
- During a camping trip, you see a 30-cm-diameter plastic pipe carrying water from a high reservoir to a stream in the valley. The difference in height between the reservoir's free surface and the stream is 70 meters. You come up with the concept of using this water to generate electricity. Create a power plant that gets the greatest electricity out of this resource. Also, look at the impact of electricity production on water discharge rates. What discharge rate produces the most power?arrow_forwardWhat is the best definition for non- renewable energy? O a. It is energy collected by humans that can be replaced after five to ten years. O b. It is energy from finite sources that cannot be replaced by natural means at a quick pace of time. O c. It is energy from finite sources that can be replaced after using them. O d. It can be measured in joules or kilowatts.arrow_forwardRead the question carefully and give me right solution according to the questionarrow_forward
- Complete a mass balance calculation that estimates the amount of burned fossil fuels required to shift the atmospheric d13C by 1.0 per mil. Include and cite your assumptions in this calculation.arrow_forwardQ2 A dam is used to store 700 tons of water to provide energy when needed by using turbines. If the water is stored at a height of 60 meters above ground level, calculate how much energy is stored if the water was to be released to ground level. Provide and analyse two alternative methods of energy storage.arrow_forwardI need helparrow_forward
- A petroleum refinery processes 100,000 barrels of crude oil per day and operates with an energy efficiency of 90%. The oil and the petroleum products have enrgy contents of 35 MJ/L. What are the energy and fuel volume flows to and from this refinery, in J/day? ( One barrel of oil is 159 liters).arrow_forwardEnvironmental Engineering, disaggregation exponential growth question: Consider the following disaggregation of carbon emissions: Carbon emissions (kg C/year)= [Population] x [Energy (kJ/year/person)] x [Carbon (kg C/Energy (kJ)] Using the following estimates for the United States and assuming growth rates remain constant, 1990 amounts: Population: 2.5 x 108, growth rate: 0.6% Energy: 3.2 x 108 kJ/yr/person, growth rate: 0.5% Carbon emissions: 1.5 x 10-5 kg C/kJ, growth rate: -0.3% Find: a) The carbon emission rate in 2020 b) The carbon emitted in those 30 years c) The total energy demand in 2020 d) the per capita carbon emission rate in 2020arrow_forwardReplacing incandescent lights with energy-efficient fluorescent lights can reduce the lighting energy consumption to one-fourth of what it was before. The energy consumed by the lamps is eventually converted to heat, and thus switching to energy-efficient lighting also reduces the cooling load in summer but increases the heating load in winter. Consider a building that is heated by a natural gas furnace with an efficiency of 80 percent and cooled by an air conditioner with a COP of 3.5. If electricity costs $0.12/kWh and natural gas costs $1.40/therm (1 therm = 105,500 kJ), determine if efficient lighting will increase or decrease the total energy cost of the building (a) in summer and (b) in winter.arrow_forward
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