Chapter 3, Problem 3.3BPR

4.

To determine

Adjusting Entries

Adjusting entries indicates those entries, which are passed in the books of accounts at the end of one accounting period. These entries are passed in the books of accounts as per the revenue recognition principle and the expenses recognition principle to adjust the revenue, and the expenses of a business in the period of their occurrence.

Adjusted Trial Balance

Adjusted trial balance is a trial balance prepared at the end of a financial period, after all the adjusting entries are journalized and posted. It is prepared to prove the equality of the total debit and credit balances.

Rule of Debit and Credit:

Debit - Increase in all assets, expenses & dividends, and decrease in all liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

Credit - Increase in all liabilities and stockholders’ equity, and decrease in all assets & expenses.

To record: The adjusting entries on April 30, 2019 of CMO Company.

Explanation of Solution

The following entry shows the adjusting entry for supplies on April 30.

Date	Account Titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
April 30	Supplies Expense (1)	5,820
	Supplies		5,820
	(To record the supplies expense at the end of the accounting period)

Table (1)

The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:

$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Assets}\\ \text{–\$5,820}\end{array}\right\}\text{=}\text{Liabilities}\text{+}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Stockholders'Equity}\\ \text{-\$}\text{5,820}\end{array}\right\}$

• Supplies expense is a component of stockholders’ equity, and it decreased the stockholders’ equity by $5,820. So debit supplies expense by $5,820.
• Supplies are an asset for the business, and it is decreased by $5,820. So credit supplies by $5,820.

Working Note:

Calculation of fees earned for the accounting period

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Supplies}\text{expense}\\ \text{for}\text{the}\text{year}\end{array}\right)\text{=}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Amount}\text{of}\text{supplies}\\ \text{before}\text{adjustment}\end{array}\right)\text{-}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Amount}\text{of}\text{supplies}\\ \text{on}\text{hand}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{=}\text{\$7,200}\text{-}\text{\$1,380}\\ \text{=}\text{\$5,820}\end{array}$ (1)

The following entry shows the adjusting entry for accrued fees unearned on April 30.

Date	Account Titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
April 30	Accounts Receivable	3,900
	Fees earned		3,900
	(To record the accounts receivable at the end of the year.)

Table (2)

The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:

$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Assets}\\ \text{+\$}3,900\end{array}\right\}\text{ = Liabilibilities + }\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Stockholders' Equities}\\ \text{+\$}3,900\end{array}\right\}$

• Accounts Receivable is an asset, and it is increased by $3,900. So debit Accounts receivable by $3,900.
• Fees earned are component of stockholders’ equity and increased it by $3,900. So credit fees earned by $3,900.

The adjusting entry for recording depreciation is as follows:

Date	Account Titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
April 30	Depreciation expense	3,000
	Accumulated Depreciation		3,000
	(To record the depreciation on office equipment for the current year.)

Table (3)

The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:

$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Asset}\\ \text{–\$3,000}\end{array}\right\}\text{=}\text{Liabilities}\text{+}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Stockholders'equity}\\ \text{–\$3,000}\end{array}\right\}$

• Depreciation expense is component of stockholders’ equity and decreased it, so debit depreciation expense by $3,000.
• Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, and it decreases the asset value by $3,000. So credit accumulated depreciation by $3,000.

The following entry shows the adjusting entry for wages expense on April 30.

Date	Account Titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
April 30	Wages expenses	2,475
	Wages Payable		2,475
	(To record the wages accrued but not paid at the end of the accounting period.)

Table (4)

The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:

$\text{Assets}\text{=}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Liabilities}\\ +\$2,475\end{array}\right\}\text{+}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Stockholders'equity}\\ -\$2,475\end{array}\right\}$

• Wages expense is a component of Stockholders ‘equity, and it decreased it by $2,475. So debit wage expense by $2,475.
• Wages Payable is a liability, and it is increased by $2,475. So credit wages payable by $2,475.

The following entry shows the adjusting entry for unearned fees on June 30.

Date	Account Titles and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
June 30	Unearned Fees	14,140
	Fees earned		14,140
	(To record the fees earned from services at the end of the accounting period.)

                                                     Table (5)

The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:

$\text{Assets}\text{=}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Liabilities}\\ \text{-\$14,140}\end{array}\right\}\text{+}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\text{Stockholders'equity}\\ \text{+\$14,140}\end{array}\right\}$

• Unearned fees are a liability, and it is decreased by $14,140. So debit unearned rent by $14,140.
• Fees earned are a component of Stockholders’ equity, and it is increased by $14,140. So credit rent revenue by $14,140.

2.

To determine

The revenues, expenses and net income of CMO Company before adjusting entries

Answer to Problem 3.3BPR

The revenues, expenses and net income before adjusting entries of CMO Company are stated below:

• Revenue = $305,800 (given)
• Expenses = $261,800 (W.N-1)
• Net income = $44,000 (W.N-2)

Explanation of Solution

Working Notes:

W.N-1

Calculation of expenses before adjusting entries:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Expenses}\text{=}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Wages}\text{expense}\text{+}\text{Rent}\text{expense}\text{+}\\ \text{Utilities}\text{Expense}\text{+}\text{Miscellaneous}\text{expense}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{=}\left(\text{\$157,800+}\text{\$55,000}\text{+\$42,000+}\text{\$7,000}\right)\\ \text{=}\text{\$261,800}\end{array}$

W.N-2

Calculation of net income before adjusting entries

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Net}\text{income}\text{=}\left(\text{Revenue}\text{-}\text{Expenses}\right)\\ \text{=}\text{\$305,800}\text{-}\text{\$261,800}\\ \text{=\$44,000}\end{array}$

Conclusion

Hence, the revenues, expenses and net income of CMO Company are $305,800, $261,800 and $44,000 respectively.

3.

To determine

The revenues, expenses and net income of CMO Company after adjusting entries

Answer to Problem 3.3BPR

The revenues, expenses and net income after adjusting entries of CMO Company are stated below:

• Revenue = $323,840 (W.N-4)
• Expenses = $273,095 (W.N-3)
• Net income = $50,745 (W.N-5)

Explanation of Solution

Working Notes:

W.N-3

Calculation of expenses after adjusting entries:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Expenses}\text{=}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Expenses}\text{before}\text{adjusting}\text{+}\text{Supplies}\text{expense}\\ \text{+}\text{Depreciation}\text{expense}\text{+}\text{}\text{Wages}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{=}\left(\text{\$261,800+}\text{\$5,820}\text{+\$3,000+}\text{\$2475}\right)\\ \text{=}\text{\$273,095}\end{array}$

W.N-4

Calculation of revenue after adjusting entries

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Revenue}\text{=}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Revenue}\text{before}\text{adjusting}\text{entries}\\ \text{+}\text{Fees}\text{earned}\text{+}\text{Fees}\text{earned}\text{from}\text{services}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{=}\text{\$305,800}\text{+}\text{\$3,900}\text{+}\text{\$14,140}\\ \text{=}\text{\$323,840}\end{array}$

W.N-5

Calculation of net income after adjusting entries

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Net}\text{income}\text{=}\left(\text{Revenue}\text{-}\text{Expenses}\right)\\ \text{=}\text{\$323,840}\text{-}\text{\$273,095}\\ \text{=\$50,745}\end{array}$

Conclusion

Hence, the revenues, expenses and net income of CMO Company are $323,840, $273,095 and $50,745 respectively.

4.

To determine

The effect of the adjusting entries on the retained earnings of CMO Company.

Answer to Problem 3.3BPR

The capital of CMO Company will be increased by $10,745 after the adjusting entry.

Explanation of Solution

Due to the adjusting entry there is an increase in the net income of $6,745 $\left(\text{\$50,745}\text{-}\text{\$44,000}\right)$.

As a result the capital of CMO Company will also be increased.