Chapter 3, Problem 3.22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Element $\text{Ge}$ has to be identified as metal, semi-metal, or nonmetal.

Concept Introduction:

In the periodic table, the elements that are present in Group 1, 2, and 13 t0 18 are known as main group elements.  They are also called as representative elements.  These elements are present in abundant quantity on Earth’s crust.  Number of valence electrons present in the atom of representative elements decides its chemical properties.

Elements that are present in Group 3 to Group 12 are known as transition elements.  They are known as transition metals because they are present in the periodic table where the transition of metallic nature to nonmetallic nature of main group elements occurs.

The elements that are present in the lanthanide series and actinide series are known as inner transition elements.

Metals are the ones that conduct electricity and heat.  They are present in left side of the periodic table.  As moving from left to right in periodic table, the metallic character decreases.  Semi-metals are the ones that possess both metallic and nonmetallic properties.  Nonmetals are the ones that do not conduct electricity.  They are present in right side of the periodic table.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Element $\text{Ga}$ has to be identified as metal, semi-metal, or nonmetal.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Element $\text{Gd}$ has to be identified as metal, semi-metal, or nonmetal.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Element $\text{Al}$ has to be identified as metal, semi-metal, or nonmetal.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Element $\text{At}$ has to be identified as metal, semi-metal, or nonmetal.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).