Decide whether the following processes will be spontaneous, and why. The “why” can be general, not specific. (a) Ice melting at − 5 ° C (b) Ice melting at + 5 ° C (c) KBr ( s ) dissolving in water (d) An unplugged refrigerator getting cold (e) A leaf falling from a tree to the ground (f) The reaction Li ( s ) + 1 2 F 2 ( g ) → LiF ( s ) (g) The reaction H 2 O ( l ) → H 2 ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g )

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1E

Decide whether the following processes will be spontaneous, and why. The “why” can be general, not specific. (a) Ice melting at − 5 ° C (b) Ice melting at + 5 ° C (c) KBr ( s ) dissolving in water (d) An unplugged refrigerator getting cold (e) A leaf falling from a tree to the ground (f) The reaction Li ( s ) + 1 2 F 2 ( g ) → LiF ( s ) (g) The reaction H 2 O ( l ) → H 2 ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g )

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at −5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. Therefore, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at −5 °C would not occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at −5 °C will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. So, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at +5 °C would occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The potassium salts are soluble in water. When KBr(s) is added to water, it will get dissolved in water on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by thet surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cooled in the absence of electricity.

Explanation of Solution

The unplugged refrigerator will not have any electricity supply, and therefore it will not be cooled on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cold in the absence of electricity.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Explanation of Solution

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground is a natural process which occurs under the gravitational force. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered. But this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas is shown.

Li(s)+12F2(g)→LiF(s)

The reaction is an endothermic reaction which requires heat to give the product. It is a spontaneous process as the formation of product is highly favored due to factors other than enthalpy (entropy). Therefore, the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the decomposition of water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of decomposition of water is shown.

H2O(l)→H2(g)+12O2(g)

In the decomposition of water, the liquid phase is going to the gaseous phase; that is, from low enthalpy to high enthalpy. It is not favored unless a huge amount of heat is supplied. Thus, the process will not occur on its own. Therefore, the given reaction will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

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x + LEKS: Using a phase diagram a X n/alekscgi/x/lsl.exe/10_u-IgNsikr7j8P3jH-IQs_pBan HhvlTCeeBZbufu BYTI0Hz7m7D3ZcHYUt80XL-5alyVpw ○ States of Matter Using a phase diagram to find a phase transition temperature or pressure Use the phase diagram of Substance X below to find the melting point of X when the pressure above the solid is 1.1 atm. pressure (atm) 16 08- solid liquid- 0 200 400 gas 600 temperature (K) Note: your answer must be within 25 °C of the exact answer to be graded correct. × 5

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1E

Decide whether the following processes will be spontaneous, and why. The “why” can be general, not specific. (a) Ice melting at − 5 ° C (b) Ice melting at + 5 ° C (c) KBr ( s ) dissolving in water (d) An unplugged refrigerator getting cold (e) A leaf falling from a tree to the ground (f) The reaction Li ( s ) + 1 2 F 2 ( g ) → LiF ( s ) (g) The reaction H 2 O ( l ) → H 2 ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g )

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at −5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. Therefore, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at −5 °C would not occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at −5 °C will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. So, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at +5 °C would occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The potassium salts are soluble in water. When KBr(s) is added to water, it will get dissolved in water on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by thet surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cooled in the absence of electricity.

Explanation of Solution

The unplugged refrigerator will not have any electricity supply, and therefore it will not be cooled on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cold in the absence of electricity.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Explanation of Solution

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground is a natural process which occurs under the gravitational force. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered. But this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas is shown.

Li(s)+12F2(g)→LiF(s)

The reaction is an endothermic reaction which requires heat to give the product. It is a spontaneous process as the formation of product is highly favored due to factors other than enthalpy (entropy). Therefore, the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the decomposition of water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of decomposition of water is shown.

H2O(l)→H2(g)+12O2(g)

In the decomposition of water, the liquid phase is going to the gaseous phase; that is, from low enthalpy to high enthalpy. It is not favored unless a huge amount of heat is supplied. Thus, the process will not occur on its own. Therefore, the given reaction will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1E

Decide whether the following processes will be spontaneous, and why. The “why” can be general, not specific. (a) Ice melting at − 5 ° C (b) Ice melting at + 5 ° C (c) KBr ( s ) dissolving in water (d) An unplugged refrigerator getting cold (e) A leaf falling from a tree to the ground (f) The reaction Li ( s ) + 1 2 F 2 ( g ) → LiF ( s ) (g) The reaction H 2 O ( l ) → H 2 ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g )

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at −5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. Therefore, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at −5 °C would not occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at −5 °C will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. So, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at +5 °C would occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The potassium salts are soluble in water. When KBr(s) is added to water, it will get dissolved in water on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by thet surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cooled in the absence of electricity.

Explanation of Solution

The unplugged refrigerator will not have any electricity supply, and therefore it will not be cooled on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cold in the absence of electricity.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Explanation of Solution

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground is a natural process which occurs under the gravitational force. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered. But this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas is shown.

Li(s)+12F2(g)→LiF(s)

The reaction is an endothermic reaction which requires heat to give the product. It is a spontaneous process as the formation of product is highly favored due to factors other than enthalpy (entropy). Therefore, the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the decomposition of water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of decomposition of water is shown.

H2O(l)→H2(g)+12O2(g)

In the decomposition of water, the liquid phase is going to the gaseous phase; that is, from low enthalpy to high enthalpy. It is not favored unless a huge amount of heat is supplied. Thus, the process will not occur on its own. Therefore, the given reaction will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1E

Decide whether the following processes will be spontaneous, and why. The “why” can be general, not specific. (a) Ice melting at − 5 ° C (b) Ice melting at + 5 ° C (c) KBr ( s ) dissolving in water (d) An unplugged refrigerator getting cold (e) A leaf falling from a tree to the ground (f) The reaction Li ( s ) + 1 2 F 2 ( g ) → LiF ( s ) (g) The reaction H 2 O ( l ) → H 2 ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g )

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at −5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. Therefore, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at −5 °C would not occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at −5 °C will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. So, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at +5 °C would occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The potassium salts are soluble in water. When KBr(s) is added to water, it will get dissolved in water on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by thet surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cooled in the absence of electricity.

Explanation of Solution

The unplugged refrigerator will not have any electricity supply, and therefore it will not be cooled on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cold in the absence of electricity.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Explanation of Solution

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground is a natural process which occurs under the gravitational force. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered. But this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas is shown.

Li(s)+12F2(g)→LiF(s)

The reaction is an endothermic reaction which requires heat to give the product. It is a spontaneous process as the formation of product is highly favored due to factors other than enthalpy (entropy). Therefore, the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the decomposition of water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of decomposition of water is shown.

H2O(l)→H2(g)+12O2(g)

In the decomposition of water, the liquid phase is going to the gaseous phase; that is, from low enthalpy to high enthalpy. It is not favored unless a huge amount of heat is supplied. Thus, the process will not occur on its own. Therefore, the given reaction will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at −5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. Therefore, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at −5 °C would not occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at −5 °C will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. So, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at +5 °C would occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The potassium salts are soluble in water. When KBr(s) is added to water, it will get dissolved in water on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by thet surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cooled in the absence of electricity.

Explanation of Solution

The unplugged refrigerator will not have any electricity supply, and therefore it will not be cooled on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cold in the absence of electricity.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Explanation of Solution

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground is a natural process which occurs under the gravitational force. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered. But this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas is shown.

Li(s)+12F2(g)→LiF(s)

The reaction is an endothermic reaction which requires heat to give the product. It is a spontaneous process as the formation of product is highly favored due to factors other than enthalpy (entropy). Therefore, the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the decomposition of water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of decomposition of water is shown.

H2O(l)→H2(g)+12O2(g)

In the decomposition of water, the liquid phase is going to the gaseous phase; that is, from low enthalpy to high enthalpy. It is not favored unless a huge amount of heat is supplied. Thus, the process will not occur on its own. Therefore, the given reaction will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at −5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. Therefore, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at −5 °C would not occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at −5 °C will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at −5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. Therefore, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at −5 °C would not occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at −5 °C will be non-spontaneous.

Answer 15

Conclusion

The melting of ice at −5 °C will be a non-spontaneous process as the process would not occur on its own at −5 °C.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. So, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at +5 °C would occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer 21

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Answer 22

Explanation of Solution

The freezing point of water is 0 °C. So, the melting of ice occurs above 0 °C. The melting of ice at +5 °C would occur on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the melting of ice at +5 °C will be spontaneous.

Answer 23

Conclusion

The melting of ice at +5 °C will be a spontaneous process as the process would occur on its own at +5 °C.

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

The potassium salts are soluble in water. When KBr(s) is added to water, it will get dissolved in water on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer 29

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Answer 30

Explanation of Solution

The potassium salts are soluble in water. When KBr(s) is added to water, it will get dissolved in water on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be spontaneous.

Answer 31

Conclusion

The dissolution of KBr(s) in the water will be a spontaneous process as the potassium salts are soluble in water.

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by thet surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cooled in the absence of electricity.

Explanation of Solution

The unplugged refrigerator will not have any electricity supply, and therefore it will not be cooled on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cold in the absence of electricity.

Answer 33

Expert Solution

Answer 34

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by thet surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer 37

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cooled in the absence of electricity.

Answer 38

Explanation of Solution

The unplugged refrigerator will not have any electricity supply, and therefore it will not be cooled on its own. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous.

Answer 39

Conclusion

The process of cooling of an unplugged refrigerator will be a non-spontaneous process as the refrigerator would not be cold in the absence of electricity.

Answer 40

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Explanation of Solution

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground is a natural process which occurs under the gravitational force. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Answer 41

Expert Solution

Answer 42

Expert Solution

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer 44

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer 45

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Answer 46

Explanation of Solution

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground is a natural process which occurs under the gravitational force. The processes which occur naturally on their own are the spontaneous processes. Therefore, the process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be spontaneous.

Answer 47

Conclusion

The process of falling off a leaf from a tree to the ground will be a spontaneous process as it is a natural process and occurs on its own.

Answer 48

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered. But this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas is shown.

Li(s)+12F2(g)→LiF(s)

The reaction is an endothermic reaction which requires heat to give the product. It is a spontaneous process as the formation of product is highly favored due to factors other than enthalpy (entropy). Therefore, the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous.

Conclusion

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Answer 49

Expert Solution

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by surroundings is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered. But this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer 53

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas is shown.

Li(s)+12F2(g)→LiF(s)

The reaction is an endothermic reaction which requires heat to give the product. It is a spontaneous process as the formation of product is highly favored due to factors other than enthalpy (entropy). Therefore, the reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be spontaneous.

Answer 55

Conclusion

The reaction of lithium with fluorine gas will be a spontaneous process as the formation of the product is highly favored for this process.

Answer 56

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the decomposition of water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of decomposition of water is shown.

H2O(l)→H2(g)+12O2(g)

In the decomposition of water, the liquid phase is going to the gaseous phase; that is, from low enthalpy to high enthalpy. It is not favored unless a huge amount of heat is supplied. Thus, the process will not occur on its own. Therefore, the given reaction will be non-spontaneous.

Conclusion

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the decomposition of water will be spontaneous or not is to be stated. The reason for the answer is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Any process that occurs without the requirement of work done by the surrounding is known as the spontaneous process. Spontaneous processes occur when the energy of the system is lowered, but this definition of spontaneous processes is not true for every process. The reactions in which the energy is high also occur spontaneously.

Answer 61

Answer to Problem 3.1E

The decomposition of water will be a non-spontaneous process as the reaction requires a huge amount of heat.

Answer 62

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of decomposition of water is shown.

H2O(l)→H2(g)+12O2(g)

In the decomposition of water, the liquid phase is going to the gaseous phase; that is, from low enthalpy to high enthalpy. It is not favored unless a huge amount of heat is supplied. Thus, the process will not occur on its own. Therefore, the given reaction will be non-spontaneous.