Chapter 3, Problem 3.145P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molar masses of the superconductor with a different value of x are to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molar mass is defined as the summation of the masses of the atoms that are present in one mole of a particular molecule.

A superconductor is a substance that conducts electricity without any resistance. The conductivity of these substances is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The limiting reactant is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A limiting reagent is the one that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction. The amount of product formed in any chemical reaction has to be in accordance with the limiting reagent of the reaction.

Amount (mol) of excess reactant is reactant left after the formation of the maximum amount(mol) of products.

The formula to calculate moles is as follows:

  $\text{Amount}\left(\text{mol}\right)=\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}}$

Stoichiometry of a reaction is utilized to determine the amount of any species in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products.

Consider the general reaction,

  $\text{A}+2\text{B}\to 3\text{C}$

One mole of $\text{A}$ reacts with two moles of $\text{B}$ to produce three moles of $\text{C}$. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mass percentage of each reactant in the remaining solid mixture is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry of a reaction is utilized to determine the amount of any species in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products.

Consider the general reaction,

  $\text{A}+2\text{B}\to 3\text{C}$

One mole of $\text{A}$ reacts with two moles of $\text{B}$ to produce three moles of $\text{C}$. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.

Mass percent is employed to determine the concentration of one compound in a mixture of the compound. The formula to calculate mass percent is as follows:

  $\text{Mass percent of compound}=\left(\frac{\text{mass of the compound}}{\text{mass of mixture}}\right)100$