Automotive Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337794213
Author: ERJAVEC, Jack.
Publisher: Cengage,
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Chapter 3, Problem 2FITB
To determine
Energy is the ability to do________.
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17. Sucrose is hydrolyzed by the catalytic action of the enzyme sucrose as follows: sucrase sucrose Starting with a sucrose concentration → products C = S C = E 0 0.01 mM 0 1.0 mM and an enzyme concentration , the following kinetic data are obtained in a batch reactor: t (hr) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (mM) 9 C S 10 11 0.84 0.68 0.53 0.38 0.27 0.16 0.09 0.04 0.018 0.006 0.0025 Draw the profile of sucrose concentration across time. Determine the kinetic parameters of the enzyme using the linearization integral method. The correctness of the fitting to experimental data should be confirmed by calculating Determination Coefficient (R2), Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) and Sum of Squared Errors (SSE). Give a graphical interpretation of the method used.
16.9. For each control system shown in Fig. P16-9, determine the characteristic equation of the
closed-loop response and determine the value of K, that will cause the system to be on the
verge of instability (i.e., find the ultimate gain K.). If possible, use the Routh test. Note
that the feedback element for system B is an approximation to e
System A:
System B:
K
K
1+8
(8x+1)²
(8x+1)
16.9. For each control system shown in Fig. P16-9, determine the characteristic equation of the
closed-loop response and determine the value of K, that will cause the system to be on the
verge of instability (ie., find the ultimate gain K.). If possible, use the Routh test. Note
that the feedback element for system B is an approximation to e
System A:
System B:
K
K
1+8
(8s+1)
(8x+1)
Chapter 3 Solutions
Automotive Technology
Ch. 3 - Describe Newtons first law of motion and give an...Ch. 3 - In what four states does matter exist? Cite...Ch. 3 - Explain Newtons second law of motion and give an...Ch. 3 - Describe five different forms of energy.Ch. 3 - Describe four different types of energy...Ch. 3 - Explain why a rotating, tilted wheel moves in the...Ch. 3 - Why are gases and liquids considered fluids?Ch. 3 - Describe how out-of-balance forces can affect the...Ch. 3 - Describe the effect of pressure on an enclosed...Ch. 3 - Explain why elastic mounts are used to connect the...
Ch. 3 - Name three types of simple machines.Ch. 3 - The nucleus of an atom contains andCh. 3 - Prob. 2FITBCh. 3 - When one object is moved over another object, the...Ch. 3 - Weight is the measurement of the earths on an...Ch. 3 - Torque is a force that does work with a action.Ch. 3 - Vacuum is defined as the absence ofCh. 3 - Which of the following is the correct formula used...Ch. 3 - While discussing different types of energy:...Ch. 3 - While discussing friction in matter: Technician A...Ch. 3 - While discussing mass and weight: Technician A...Ch. 3 - When applying the principles of work and force,...Ch. 3 - All these statements about energy and energy...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a true statement...
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- Plleeaasseee solllveeee question 2 andd thankss sirr, don't solve it by AI plleeaasseee don't use AIarrow_forward16.10. (a) For the system shown in Fig. P16-10 determine the value of K, that will give 30° of phase margin. (b) If a PI controller with t = 2 is used in place of the proportional controller, determine the value of K for 30° of phase margin. R K C (s+ 1)² FIGURE P16-10arrow_forward16.6. The transfer function of a process and measurement element connected in series is given by e-0.43 (2s + 1)² (a) Sketch the open-loop Bode diagram (gain and phase) for a control system involving this process and measurement lag. (b) Specify the gain of a proportional controller to be used in this control system.arrow_forward
- 16.7. (a) For the control system shown in Fig. P16-7, determine the transfer function C/U. (b) For K-2 and to =1, find C(1.25) and the offset if U(t) = u(t), a unit step. (c) Sketch the open-loop Bode diagram for K = 2 and tp = 1. For the upper part of the diagram (AR versus ), show the asymptotic approximation. Include the transfer func- tion for the controller in the open-loop Bode diagram. (d) From the Bode diagram, what do you conclude about the stability of the closed-loop system? FIGURE P16-7 K(1+8)arrow_forward16.1. Calculate the value of gain K needed to produce continuous oscillations in the control system shown in Fig. P16-1 when (a) n is 2 (b) n is 3 Do not use a graph for this calculation. 2 R KE (2s+1)" FIGURE P16-1arrow_forwardExample 16.1. Find a relation between relative stability (see below) and the phase margin for the control system of Fig. 16-7. A proportional controller is to be used. This block diagram corresponds to the stirred-tank heater system, for which the block diagram has been given in Fig. 12-17. The particular set of constants is T = Tm = 1 1 1 wC These are to be regarded as fixed, while the proportional gain Ke is to be varied to give a satisfactory phase margin. R- Ke U 1 s+1 1 C s+1arrow_forward
- 16.2. (a) Plot the asymptotic Bode diagram B/E versus for the control system shown in Fig. P16-2. (b) The gain Ke is increased until the system oscillates continuously at a frequency of 3 rad/min. From this information, calculate the transportation lag parameter Td. R Ke 1 FIGURE P16-2 B 10s+1 s+1 e +1arrow_forward3.10 As an anesthesiologist, you are responsible for preparing IV solutions containing various concentrations of drugs. You have three continuous streams available in the operating room. The stream contents are listed with the known mass fractions, where w₁, x is the mass fraction of compound x in stream i: Stream 1: water, salt (w₁s = 0.010) Stream 2: water, salt (w2,s = 0.020), drug A (w2, A = 0.10) Stream 3: water, salt (w3,s = 0.020), drug A (w3, A = 0.050), drug B (w3,B = 0.080) Your goal is to mix the above streams to produce an IV stream (Stream 4) under continuous operation that contains water, salt, drug A, and drug B with the following characteristics: ■ Drug A has a mass fraction of 0.020 (W4,A = 0.020) ■ The ratio of the mass fraction of drug A to the mass fraction of drug B is 2.0 a. Diagram the system, including the streams. Label the system, system boundary, and surroundings. b. State appropriate assumptions applied to the problem. c. What is the basis in your solution…arrow_forwardroom is to be maintained at 30% relative humidity and a dry-bulb temperature of 72ºF. The room has a sensible heat factor of 0.8 and a total hourly heating load of 200,000 Btu. A flow rate of 1000 cfm of outdoor air (at 20% relative humidity and a dry-bulb temperature of 40ºF) is used. In order to maintain adequate comfort, the supply air to the room is set to a dry-bulb temperature of 120ºF. To humidify the air, steam with a specific enthalpy of 1150 Btu per pound is utilized. Determine the wet bulb temperature, specific enthalpy, and volumetric flow rate of the supply air to the room. Can the supply air temperature values be obtained from the chart directly? show this on a psychrometric chart. Evaluate the increase in dry-bulb temperature as the air is sensibly heated, and the mass flow rate (in lb/hr) of steam required during the latent heating of the air. Calculate the heat added to the room during sensible heating (i.e., excluding humidification).arrow_forward
- Show that the friction heating in a hydraulic jump is given by:arrow_forward1) Using the half reaction data in Table 11.1), write balanced overall reactions for the following redox processes. Calculate the E°, peº and delataGº values for each overall reaction. Indicate whether each reaction is thermodynamically favorable under standard conditions. i) Oxidation of Mn2+ to MnO2(s) using 12(aq) to form I-. ii) Oxidation of Pb(s) to Pb2+ by Zn²+ to form Zn(s). iii) Oxidation of acetate (CH3COO¯) to CO2 by SO4²¯ to form HS¯. 7 ·H+ + e¯ ½-½ >> CH, COO¯ + 1 H₂O E° = 0.075 Varrow_forward2) Chlorinated solvents such as carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) can be degraded in a process called reductive dechlorination where Cl atoms are removed and replaced with H atoms. For example: CCl4 + H+ +2е¯ CHCl3 + CI Eº = 0.67 V In the process of in situ bioremediation an electron donor such as acetate (CH3COO¯) is typically added and is oxidized to provide the electrons for the reduction of CCl4. In groundwater devoid of oxygen, nitrate typically serves as the electron acceptor. Answer the questions below using thermodynamics data and that provided above. i) Can CCl4 could serve as an electron acceptor for acetate? ii) Which electron acceptor, CCl4 or NO3, would be thermodynamically preferred? iii) What do the results in i and ii imply for remediation in an aquifer that also contains nitrate?arrow_forward
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