Essential Cosmic Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135795033
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 27EAP
Choose the best answer to each of the following. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentences.
27. Galileo’s contribution to astronomy included (a) discovering the laws of planetary motion. (b) discovering the low of gravity. (c) making observations and
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Johannes Kepler worked as an assistant to the observatory of Brahe at the age of 27.
Brahe collected astronomical observations, which were passed into Kepler, on his death.
Among the significant contributions of Brahe:
1. His observations on the planetary motion of Mars were used by later astronomers, including
Kepler to construct the present model of the solar system.
2. In 1572, he observed supernova as a star that appeared suddenly, became visible for 18
months before it faded from view. Nowadays, supernova is called an exploding star.
3. In 1577, he observed a comet by measuring its parallax. His claim contradicted the idea of
Aristotle that comets are "gases burning in the atmosphere." By measuring the parallax for
the comet, he was able to show that the comet was further away than the Moon.
4. His findings that stars do not have parallax, he concluded that either: (a). the earth was
motionless at the center of the universe; or (b). the stars were so far away that their parallax…
What is the answer
Unit 3: Final Assessment
Use your Digital Interactive Notebook, Peardeck Notes, and
Science Weekly Reading for assistance.
Question #1:
Which evidence first supported the heliocentric model of the solar
system?
A. mapping of stars using the unaided eye
B. taking pictures of distant galaxies with satellite-based cameras
C. determining that planets orbit in elliptical paths with telescopes
D. observing the surface features of nearby planets and moons
with telescopes
Chapter 3 Solutions
Essential Cosmic Perspective
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 3 - Use the information in the graphs to answer the...Ch. 3 - Use the information in the graphs to answer the...Ch. 3 - Use the information in the graphs to answer the...Ch. 3 - Use the information in the graphs to answer the...Ch. 3 - Use the information in the graphs to answer the...Ch. 3 - Use the information in the graphs to answer the...Ch. 3 - In what way is scientific thinking natural to all...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 3 - What is a lunar calendar? How can it be kept...
Ch. 3 - What do we mean by a model in science? Briefly...Ch. 3 - What do we mean by the Ptolemaic model? How did...Ch. 3 - What was the Copernican revolution, and how did it...Ch. 3 - What is an ellipse? Define its foci, semimajor...Ch. 3 - State and explain the meaning of each of Kepler’s...Ch. 3 - Describe the three hallmarks of science and...Ch. 3 - What is the difference between a hypothesis and a...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements makes some type...Ch. 3 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 3 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 3 - The Importance of Ancient Astronomy. Why was...Ch. 3 - The Impact of Science. The modern world is filled...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 3 - Earth’s Shape. It took thousands of years for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 3 - Halley Orbit. Halley’s comet orbits the Sun every...
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- I hope you answer this:) 1. Ancient civilizations observed and kept track of daily movement of heavenly bodies. Which one is NOT the reason for this? a. navigation purposes b. time keeping c. annual cultural cycles d. agricultural cycles 2. What Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion is related to the Newton's Law of Motion based from the statement below: The statement: "Since the planets move on ellipses they are continually accelerating." a. Law of Ellipses and Law of Acceleration b. Law of Ellipses and Law of Inertia c. Law of Equal Areas and Law of Interaction d. Law of Period and Law of Inertia e. Law of Period and Law of Acceleration 3. Edwi Hubble proposed a way to organize galaxies in 1920. How are galaxies classified? a. color of stars b. shape of galaxy c. age of stars d. composition of stars e. diameter of galaxy 4. Find the magnifying power (M) and the length (L) of a simple telescope with 30-inches focal length of the objective and 2 inches focal length of the eyepiece.…arrow_forwardTopic: Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion Show the following in your answer: A. Diagram B.Given Quantities C. Unknown Quantities D. Complete Solution E. Round answers to 2 decimal places F. Express answer with the correct units The Hubble space telescope orbits Earth with an orbital speed of 7.6×103m/s. A. Calculate its altitude above Earth's surface. B. What is its period?arrow_forwardQuestion 1 (Total: 30 points) a. What is a repeat ground-track orbit? b. Explain why repeat ground-track and Sun-synchronous orbits are typically used for Earth observation missions. c. The constraint for a Sun-synchronous and repeat ground-track orbit is given by T = 286, 400, where I is the orbital period in seconds, m the number of days and k the number of revolutions. Explain why this is, in fact, a constraint on the semi-major axis of the orbit.arrow_forward
- State and explain the implications of each of Kepler's three laws of planetary motion.arrow_forwardwill solve this problem. Explain your thinking in your plan detailed plan in complete sentences for how you Ive the problem: STUDE I will SoIve in.'s Yous no tne Name: Self Improvement Opportunity 3.5 draw, equals wall) 60KG) on the moon? ole Conceptual problems! Explain each answer below in complete sentences using proper vocabulary. 5. Two objects with different masses are dropped from a twenty story building. Both objects hit the ground atarrow_forward1. How did Aristotle differentiate terrestrial and celestial motion? Give at least one example for each.2. According to Aristotle, what will happen to an moving object if there will be no force to act on it?arrow_forward
- cience 1 Technological advances in space exploration have O A. shown scientists that the ideas of the earliest astronomers were all fully correct. OB. taught scientists many new things about the Earth, but not other planets. OC. helped scientists modify and expand previous knowledge about the solar system. OD. revealed that the Moon is more capable of supporting life than Earth is. Reset Submit 0 of 10 Answered Session Timer: 5:46 here to search 立arrow_forwardThe international space station (ISS) orbits 400 km above Earth's surface at 7.66 km/s (17,100 mph). Suppose the ISS is moved to 400 km above Mars. 1. To maintain its orbit above Mars, will the ISS have to move faster or slower that its orbital speed around Earth? Justify your answer. 2. Will astronauts on the ISS feel lighter, heavier, or no change at all while in orbit around Mars. Explain your answer.arrow_forwardHow do we know? Some people think science is like a grinder that cranks data into hypotheses. What would you tell them about the need for scientists to be creative and imaginative?arrow_forward
- 1. using Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation and some kinematics calculation we can calculate the mass of the planet. For this, use this equation in the image: Given: - vmax = 1.5 m/s - Pstar = 3.5 days - Mstar = 1.148 Msun, where Msun = 1.98847×1030 kg. This calculation is not shown.arrow_forwardMatch each discovery, model, or Law with the person we credit with discovering them (Select T-Tycho Brahe, K-Kepler, G-Galileo, A-Aristotle, P-Ptolemy, N-Newton If the first is T and the rest K, enter TKKKKK) A) Devised the earliest geocentric solar system models B) The orbits of planets are C) Made careful measurements of the location of the planets good to 1 arcmin. D) Described the meaning of force by three laws. E) Devised the best Earth-centered (geocentric) model of the solar system using epicycles F) Found the Sun had flaws (sun spots) and that the Sun rotates. elipsesarrow_forwardIn the figure below, Planet X is moving in a perfectly circular orbit around its companion star.The time between each position shown is exactly one month: 1. Write down Kepler’s second Law of planetary motion.2. Does the planet obey Kepler’s second law? How do you know?3. If you carefully watched this planet during the entire orbit, would its speed be increasing, decreasing, orstaying the same? How do you know?arrow_forward
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