Epidemiology is the division of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors that are related to health. Incidence rate, attack rate, and prevalence are the measures of morbidity.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Epidemiology is the division of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors that are related to health. Incidence rate, attack rate, and prevalence are the measures of morbidity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Correct answer: “The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect because of the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”. Therefore, option e. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

Option e. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”.

In an initial examination in city O, migraine headache was found in 5 of 1000 men in the age of 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1000 women in the aged of 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in this age group is incorrect. This is because of the failure to distinguish between the incidence of the disease and prevalence of the disease. Prevalence and incidence are the basic measures of epidemiology. In epidemiology, incidence or incidence rate is the measure that is used to express the probability of occurrence of medical condition within a specific period of time in a given population. Prevalence is the numerical representation of affected persons at a specific time divided by the persons present in the given population.

Hence, option e. is correct.

Reasons for incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “correct”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect.

So, option a. in incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the ratio used to compare male and female rates but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Incorrect, because no data for comparison or control groups are given”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to no data for comparison or control group that is given but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The interference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years are incorrect due to the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Epidemiology is the division of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors that are related to health. Incidence rate, attack rate, and prevalence are the measures of morbidity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Correct answer: “The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect because of the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”. Therefore, option e. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

Option e. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”.

In an initial examination in city O, migraine headache was found in 5 of 1000 men in the age of 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1000 women in the aged of 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in this age group is incorrect. This is because of the failure to distinguish between the incidence of the disease and prevalence of the disease. Prevalence and incidence are the basic measures of epidemiology. In epidemiology, incidence or incidence rate is the measure that is used to express the probability of occurrence of medical condition within a specific period of time in a given population. Prevalence is the numerical representation of affected persons at a specific time divided by the persons present in the given population.

Hence, option e. is correct.

Reasons for incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “correct”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect.

So, option a. in incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the ratio used to compare male and female rates but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Incorrect, because no data for comparison or control groups are given”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to no data for comparison or control group that is given but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The interference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years are incorrect due to the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Epidemiology is the division of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors that are related to health. Incidence rate, attack rate, and prevalence are the measures of morbidity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Correct answer: “The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect because of the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”. Therefore, option e. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

Option e. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”.

In an initial examination in city O, migraine headache was found in 5 of 1000 men in the age of 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1000 women in the aged of 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in this age group is incorrect. This is because of the failure to distinguish between the incidence of the disease and prevalence of the disease. Prevalence and incidence are the basic measures of epidemiology. In epidemiology, incidence or incidence rate is the measure that is used to express the probability of occurrence of medical condition within a specific period of time in a given population. Prevalence is the numerical representation of affected persons at a specific time divided by the persons present in the given population.

Hence, option e. is correct.

Reasons for incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “correct”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect.

So, option a. in incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the ratio used to compare male and female rates but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Incorrect, because no data for comparison or control groups are given”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to no data for comparison or control group that is given but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The interference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years are incorrect due to the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Epidemiology is the division of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors that are related to health. Incidence rate, attack rate, and prevalence are the measures of morbidity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Correct answer: “The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect because of the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”. Therefore, option e. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

Option e. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”.

In an initial examination in city O, migraine headache was found in 5 of 1000 men in the age of 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1000 women in the aged of 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in this age group is incorrect. This is because of the failure to distinguish between the incidence of the disease and prevalence of the disease. Prevalence and incidence are the basic measures of epidemiology. In epidemiology, incidence or incidence rate is the measure that is used to express the probability of occurrence of medical condition within a specific period of time in a given population. Prevalence is the numerical representation of affected persons at a specific time divided by the persons present in the given population.

Hence, option e. is correct.

Reasons for incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “correct”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect.

So, option a. in incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the ratio used to compare male and female rates but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Incorrect, because no data for comparison or control groups are given”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to no data for comparison or control group that is given but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The interference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years are incorrect due to the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Epidemiology is the division of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors that are related to health. Incidence rate, attack rate, and prevalence are the measures of morbidity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Correct answer: “The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect because of the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”. Therefore, option e. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

Option e. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”.

In an initial examination in city O, migraine headache was found in 5 of 1000 men in the age of 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1000 women in the aged of 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in this age group is incorrect. This is because of the failure to distinguish between the incidence of the disease and prevalence of the disease. Prevalence and incidence are the basic measures of epidemiology. In epidemiology, incidence or incidence rate is the measure that is used to express the probability of occurrence of medical condition within a specific period of time in a given population. Prevalence is the numerical representation of affected persons at a specific time divided by the persons present in the given population.

Hence, option e. is correct.

Reasons for incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “correct”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect.

So, option a. in incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the ratio used to compare male and female rates but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Incorrect, because no data for comparison or control groups are given”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to no data for comparison or control group that is given but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The interference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years are incorrect due to the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Epidemiology is the division of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors that are related to health. Incidence rate, attack rate, and prevalence are the measures of morbidity.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Correct answer: “The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect because of the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”. Therefore, option e. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

Option e. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”.

In an initial examination in city O, migraine headache was found in 5 of 1000 men in the age of 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1000 women in the aged of 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in this age group is incorrect. This is because of the failure to distinguish between the incidence of the disease and prevalence of the disease. Prevalence and incidence are the basic measures of epidemiology. In epidemiology, incidence or incidence rate is the measure that is used to express the probability of occurrence of medical condition within a specific period of time in a given population. Prevalence is the numerical representation of affected persons at a specific time divided by the persons present in the given population.

Hence, option e. is correct.

Reasons for incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “correct”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect.

So, option a. in incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the ratio used to compare male and female rates but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Incorrect, because no data for comparison or control groups are given”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to no data for comparison or control group that is given but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The interference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years are incorrect due to the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Epidemiology is the division of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors that are related to health. Incidence rate, attack rate, and prevalence are the measures of morbidity.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Correct answer: “The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect because of the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”. Therefore, option e. is correct.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

Option e. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence”.

In an initial examination in city O, migraine headache was found in 5 of 1000 men in the age of 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1000 women in the aged of 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in this age group is incorrect. This is because of the failure to distinguish between the incidence of the disease and prevalence of the disease. Prevalence and incidence are the basic measures of epidemiology. In epidemiology, incidence or incidence rate is the measure that is used to express the probability of occurrence of medical condition within a specific period of time in a given population. Prevalence is the numerical representation of affected persons at a specific time divided by the persons present in the given population.

Hence, option e. is correct.

Reasons for incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “correct”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect.

So, option a. in incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the ratio used to compare male and female rates but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to the failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Incorrect, because no data for comparison or control groups are given”.

The interference that women have a two-time greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years is incorrect. This is incorrect not due to no data for comparison or control group that is given but because it fails to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.

Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., and d. are incorrect.

Answer 12

Conclusion

The interference that women have two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than men in the age group of 30 to 35 years are incorrect due to the failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence.