The innate immune responses are those immune responses, which are nonspecific and can act against both non-self and self-antigen. The innate immune response can be either immediate or induced.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The innate immune responses are those immune responses, which are nonspecific and can act against both non-self and self-antigen. The innate immune response can be either immediate or induced.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) Commensal organism. The commensal organism play a vital role in immediate immune response.

Option (d) alternative pathway of complement system. The alternate pathway is triggered by the binding of the C3b directly to the immune system when C3b directly binds to microbe. It is a type of immediate response.

Option (g) Defensins. The defensins are the peptides present in the plasma, which act immediate against the pathogens as well as non-enveloped viruses.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) Scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptors are present in the macrophages, which bind to the bacteria or other pathogen for the phagocytosis. It is an induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) dectin 1. The dectin is also a membrane recognition protein, which has an important role in antifugal innate immunity. It is also a part of induced innate immunity. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) MyD88. The MyD88 related pathways activate TLR4 signaling and helps in getting rid of the bacteria. It is also associated with late induced innate immunity response. Hence, it is an incorrect option.

Option (f) CXCL8. It is also known as interleukin 8, produced by macrophages. It is also a induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (h) NOD1 and NOD2. It is an intracellular receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragmentation. It is also caused by induction of the complement system. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (i) lectin pathway of the complement system. It is a type of cascade response of the activation of the complement system. It proceeds by the action of C4 and C2. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Which of the following is NOT an example of passive immunization? A. Administration of tetanus toxoid B. Administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin C. Administration of rabies immunoglobulin D. Transfer of antibodies via plasma therapy

Transcription and Translation 1. What is the main function of transcription and translation? (2 marks) 2. How is transcription different in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? (2 marks) 3. Explain the difference between pre-mRNA and post-transcript mRNA. (2 marks) 4. What is the function of the following: (4 marks) i. the cap ii. spliceosome iii. Poly A tail iv. termination sequence 5. What are advantages to the wobble feature of the genetic code? (2 marks) 6. Explain the difference between the: (3 marks) i. A site & P site ii. codon & anticodon iii. gene expression and gene regulation 7. Explain how the stop codon allows for termination. (1 mark) 8. In your own words, summarize the process of translation. (2 marks)

In this activity you will research performance enhancers that affect the endocrine system or nervous system. You will submit a 1 page paper on one performance enhancer of your choice. Be sure to include: the specific reason for use the alleged results on improving performance how it works how it affect homeostasis and improves performance any side-effects of this substance

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The innate immune responses are those immune responses, which are nonspecific and can act against both non-self and self-antigen. The innate immune response can be either immediate or induced.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) Commensal organism. The commensal organism play a vital role in immediate immune response.

Option (d) alternative pathway of complement system. The alternate pathway is triggered by the binding of the C3b directly to the immune system when C3b directly binds to microbe. It is a type of immediate response.

Option (g) Defensins. The defensins are the peptides present in the plasma, which act immediate against the pathogens as well as non-enveloped viruses.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) Scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptors are present in the macrophages, which bind to the bacteria or other pathogen for the phagocytosis. It is an induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) dectin 1. The dectin is also a membrane recognition protein, which has an important role in antifugal innate immunity. It is also a part of induced innate immunity. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) MyD88. The MyD88 related pathways activate TLR4 signaling and helps in getting rid of the bacteria. It is also associated with late induced innate immunity response. Hence, it is an incorrect option.

Option (f) CXCL8. It is also known as interleukin 8, produced by macrophages. It is also a induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (h) NOD1 and NOD2. It is an intracellular receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragmentation. It is also caused by induction of the complement system. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (i) lectin pathway of the complement system. It is a type of cascade response of the activation of the complement system. It proceeds by the action of C4 and C2. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The innate immune responses are those immune responses, which are nonspecific and can act against both non-self and self-antigen. The innate immune response can be either immediate or induced.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) Commensal organism. The commensal organism play a vital role in immediate immune response.

Option (d) alternative pathway of complement system. The alternate pathway is triggered by the binding of the C3b directly to the immune system when C3b directly binds to microbe. It is a type of immediate response.

Option (g) Defensins. The defensins are the peptides present in the plasma, which act immediate against the pathogens as well as non-enveloped viruses.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) Scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptors are present in the macrophages, which bind to the bacteria or other pathogen for the phagocytosis. It is an induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) dectin 1. The dectin is also a membrane recognition protein, which has an important role in antifugal innate immunity. It is also a part of induced innate immunity. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) MyD88. The MyD88 related pathways activate TLR4 signaling and helps in getting rid of the bacteria. It is also associated with late induced innate immunity response. Hence, it is an incorrect option.

Option (f) CXCL8. It is also known as interleukin 8, produced by macrophages. It is also a induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (h) NOD1 and NOD2. It is an intracellular receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragmentation. It is also caused by induction of the complement system. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (i) lectin pathway of the complement system. It is a type of cascade response of the activation of the complement system. It proceeds by the action of C4 and C2. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The innate immune responses are those immune responses, which are nonspecific and can act against both non-self and self-antigen. The innate immune response can be either immediate or induced.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) Commensal organism. The commensal organism play a vital role in immediate immune response.

Option (d) alternative pathway of complement system. The alternate pathway is triggered by the binding of the C3b directly to the immune system when C3b directly binds to microbe. It is a type of immediate response.

Option (g) Defensins. The defensins are the peptides present in the plasma, which act immediate against the pathogens as well as non-enveloped viruses.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) Scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptors are present in the macrophages, which bind to the bacteria or other pathogen for the phagocytosis. It is an induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) dectin 1. The dectin is also a membrane recognition protein, which has an important role in antifugal innate immunity. It is also a part of induced innate immunity. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) MyD88. The MyD88 related pathways activate TLR4 signaling and helps in getting rid of the bacteria. It is also associated with late induced innate immunity response. Hence, it is an incorrect option.

Option (f) CXCL8. It is also known as interleukin 8, produced by macrophages. It is also a induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (h) NOD1 and NOD2. It is an intracellular receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragmentation. It is also caused by induction of the complement system. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (i) lectin pathway of the complement system. It is a type of cascade response of the activation of the complement system. It proceeds by the action of C4 and C2. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The innate immune responses are those immune responses, which are nonspecific and can act against both non-self and self-antigen. The innate immune response can be either immediate or induced.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) Commensal organism. The commensal organism play a vital role in immediate immune response.

Option (d) alternative pathway of complement system. The alternate pathway is triggered by the binding of the C3b directly to the immune system when C3b directly binds to microbe. It is a type of immediate response.

Option (g) Defensins. The defensins are the peptides present in the plasma, which act immediate against the pathogens as well as non-enveloped viruses.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) Scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptors are present in the macrophages, which bind to the bacteria or other pathogen for the phagocytosis. It is an induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) dectin 1. The dectin is also a membrane recognition protein, which has an important role in antifugal innate immunity. It is also a part of induced innate immunity. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) MyD88. The MyD88 related pathways activate TLR4 signaling and helps in getting rid of the bacteria. It is also associated with late induced innate immunity response. Hence, it is an incorrect option.

Option (f) CXCL8. It is also known as interleukin 8, produced by macrophages. It is also a induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (h) NOD1 and NOD2. It is an intracellular receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragmentation. It is also caused by induction of the complement system. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (i) lectin pathway of the complement system. It is a type of cascade response of the activation of the complement system. It proceeds by the action of C4 and C2. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The innate immune responses are those immune responses, which are nonspecific and can act against both non-self and self-antigen. The innate immune response can be either immediate or induced.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) Commensal organism. The commensal organism play a vital role in immediate immune response.

Option (d) alternative pathway of complement system. The alternate pathway is triggered by the binding of the C3b directly to the immune system when C3b directly binds to microbe. It is a type of immediate response.

Option (g) Defensins. The defensins are the peptides present in the plasma, which act immediate against the pathogens as well as non-enveloped viruses.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) Scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptors are present in the macrophages, which bind to the bacteria or other pathogen for the phagocytosis. It is an induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) dectin 1. The dectin is also a membrane recognition protein, which has an important role in antifugal innate immunity. It is also a part of induced innate immunity. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) MyD88. The MyD88 related pathways activate TLR4 signaling and helps in getting rid of the bacteria. It is also associated with late induced innate immunity response. Hence, it is an incorrect option.

Option (f) CXCL8. It is also known as interleukin 8, produced by macrophages. It is also a induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (h) NOD1 and NOD2. It is an intracellular receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragmentation. It is also caused by induction of the complement system. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (i) lectin pathway of the complement system. It is a type of cascade response of the activation of the complement system. It proceeds by the action of C4 and C2. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The innate immune responses are those immune responses, which are nonspecific and can act against both non-self and self-antigen. The innate immune response can be either immediate or induced.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b), (d) and (g).

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) Commensal organism. The commensal organism play a vital role in immediate immune response.

Option (d) alternative pathway of complement system. The alternate pathway is triggered by the binding of the C3b directly to the immune system when C3b directly binds to microbe. It is a type of immediate response.

Option (g) Defensins. The defensins are the peptides present in the plasma, which act immediate against the pathogens as well as non-enveloped viruses.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) Scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptors are present in the macrophages, which bind to the bacteria or other pathogen for the phagocytosis. It is an induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) dectin 1. The dectin is also a membrane recognition protein, which has an important role in antifugal innate immunity. It is also a part of induced innate immunity. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) MyD88. The MyD88 related pathways activate TLR4 signaling and helps in getting rid of the bacteria. It is also associated with late induced innate immunity response. Hence, it is an incorrect option.

Option (f) CXCL8. It is also known as interleukin 8, produced by macrophages. It is also a induced response. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (h) NOD1 and NOD2. It is an intracellular receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragmentation. It is also caused by induction of the complement system. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (i) lectin pathway of the complement system. It is a type of cascade response of the activation of the complement system. It proceeds by the action of C4 and C2. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.