The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B 23 , B 24 , A 2 , A 19 , and A 3 , which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding. Figure: Structure of canine insulin. Introduction: The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

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Students have asked these similar questions

Older adults have unique challenges in terms of their nutrient needs and physiological changes. Some changes may make it difficult to consume a healthful diet, so it is important to identify strategies to help overcome these obstacles. From the list below, choose all the correct statements about changes in older adults. Select all that apply. Poor vision can make it difficult for older adults to get to a supermarket, and to prepare meals. With age, taste and visual perception decline. As people age, salivary production increases. In older adults with dysphagia, foods like creamy soups, applesauce, and yogurt are usually well tolerated. Lean body mass increases in older adults.

When physical activity increases, energy requirements increase also. Depending on the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity, the body’s requirements for certain macronutrients may change as well. From the list below, choose all the correct statements about the effects of increased physical activity or athletic training. Select all that apply. An athlete who weighs 70 kg (154 lb) should consume 420 to 700 g of carbohydrate per day. How much additional energy an athlete needs depends on the specific activity the athlete engages in and the frequency of the activity. Those participating in vigorous exercise should restrict their fat intake to less than 15%% of total energy intake. Athletes who are following energy-restricted diets are at risk for consuming insufficient protein. The recommendation to limit saturated fat intake to less than 10%% of total energy intake does not apply to athletes or those who regularly engage in vigorous physical activity.

When taking vitamins and vitamin-mineral supplements, how can one be sure they are getting what they are taking?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Answer 12

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 4R Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 5R Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 6R Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1R Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2R Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3R

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