Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The curved arrows are to be added to the given reactions, which indicate the flow of electrons for all the bond-forming and bond-breaking steps.
Concept introduction:
Curved arrows are used to represent the direction of the flow of electrons in a reaction mechanism.
Curved arrows are drawn in such a way that they point from the source of an electron pair toward the atom, which receives the electron pair.
The direction of flow of electrons is always from a high electron density site to a low electron density site.
Curved arrows never represent the movement of atoms.
The movement of electrons shown by the curved arrows should not violate the octet rule for the elements, which are present in the second row of the periodic table.
Electrophiles are positive or partially positive species that attract electrons or negatively charged species toward itself.
Answer to Problem 1PP
Solution:
(a)
(b)
Explanation of Solution
a)
The hydrogen of benzoic acid is partially positive and is electrophilic in nature. An oxygen atom provides an unshared pair of electrons, which forms bond with the benzoic acid hydrogen that cause the departure of a benzoate anion.
b)
The hydrogen of sulfuric acid is partially positive and is electrophilic in nature. An oxygen atom of
The reaction is as follows:
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry, 12e Study Guide/Student Solutions Manual
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- Organic Chemistry Problem. Please help. Please provide neatly written mechanism using arrows to show electron flow and all intermediates. Thank you.arrow_forwardPlease don't provide handwritten solution ...arrow_forwardPlease help with this Mechanism questions on my practice paper.... If you can do it on ChemDraw or something because I dont understand peoples handwritting on this website... I will give thumps up if you can do it all on the computer, no handwritting please!! Thank you!arrow_forward
- Classify the following transformation as oxidation, reduction, or neither. Select the single best answer. oxidation reduction neither Give detailed Solution with explanation needed of all options. don't give Handwritten answerarrow_forwardGive detailed Solution with explanation needed..please explainarrow_forward6. In an organic chemistry lab, chemists were attempting to convert compound I into compound III via a substitution reaction To their surprise, compound II was the only observed compound after treating compound I with cyanide. "CN observed not observed a. Provide a detailed, stepwise mechaniem for the transformation above that accounts for the formation of product II. Use the curved arrow formalism to show the flow of electrons. Show all lone pairs, intemediates, formal charges, and pertinent resonance structures. b. Explain why product II is formed instead of product III. Use dawings to supportyow answer. C Would you expect compound II to be optically active? Briefly explain. Note The reaction above was run on an enantiomerically pure sample of compound I. CN.arrow_forward
- i,ii,iii please.arrow_forwardDraw the curved arrow mechanism for the reaction between (2R,3S)-3,5-dimethylhexan-2-ol and PCl3. Note the specific instructions for each box. Include nonzero formal charges and lone pairs of electrons on all appropriate atoms. Then answer the question about the mechanism.arrow_forward3. An alkene can be converted into an ether in the three mechanistic steps shown below. Complete this mechanism by: Draw curved arrows to indicate the flow of electrons for each step. Lone pairs are omitted for clarity but be sure to include lone pairs on atoms that are involved in bond formation/breaking. Draw the reaction intermediates in the appropriate boxes. Include all nonzero formal charges. Classify each step of the mechanism using the boxes below each arrow as one of the following: acid- base proton transfer (AB), nucleophilic attack (NA), elimination (E), or rearrangement (R). + H-OMe H-OO + MeOH + MeOH + H-OMe H-OO 48arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning