Chapter 3, Problem 1E

What are periodic properties?

Interpretation Introduction

To determine:

Periodic Properties.

Answer to Problem 1E

Solution:

Periodic properties are the features of atoms that vary regularly going from left to right in a period and from top to bottom in a group. The various periodic properties are: atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical and the physical properties of elements have a relation with their valence shell configuration. The valence shell configuration of any two elements in a given period is not similar and this is the reason that elements in a period have varying chemical and physical properties whereas the number of valence shells of any two elements in a given group is not similar and this is the reason that elements in a group have varying chemical and physical properties and this is termed as periodic property.

The following figure shows the trends in periodic properties:

1. Atomic radius: It is the distance from the center of nucleus to the periphery of the electron cloud of the atom.
2. Electron affinity: When an electron is added to neutral atom or molecule in its gaseous form which results in the formation of anion and the release of energy. This energy is called as electron affinity.
3. Ionization energy: The required amount of energy to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous ion or atom.
4. Electronegativity: The tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons is called electronegativity.

Conclusion

Periodic properties are the features of atoms that vary regularly going from left to right in a period and from top to bottom in a group. The various periodic properties are: atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity.