
Concept explainers
Name three types of lipids found in cell membranes.

To determine: The three kinds of lipids present in the cell membrane.
Introduction: Cells have an outer covering known as the cell membrane. This membrane is made up of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The ratio of lipid and protein molecules varies with the location of the cell. If the cell is present at a metabolically active location, then the membrane would have more proteins as compared to lipids. The fluid mosaic model elucidates the structure of the cell membrane.
Explanation of Solution
The cell membrane is an important component of a cell. It performs various functions. It is made up of fats, proteins, and some carbohydrates, which have a specific role in the body. Lipids present in cell membrane develop a hydrophobic barrier. There are three types of lipids found in the cell membrane. These lipids are:
- Phospholipids:
It consists of a glycerol backbone. This backbone is attached with two fatty acid chains on one side and phosphate group on the other side. The side with the phosphate group is polar and hydrophilic; whereas, the other side is non-polar and hydrophobic.
- Sphingolipids:
These lipids are also made up of fatty acid chain but are little longer than the phospholipids. The ends of the sphingolipids chain can have either phospholipids or glycolipids.
- Cholesterol:
These molecules are present between the hydrophilic ends of phospholipids. They are hydrophobic. They also make cell membrane flexible and impermeable to water.
Therefore, the three types of lipids present in cell membranes are phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (7th Edition)
- You intend to insert patched dominant negative DNA into the left half of the neural tube of a chick. 1) Which side of the neural tube would you put the positive electrode to ensure that the DNA ends up on the left side? 2) What would be the internal (within the embryo) control for this experiment? 3) How can you be sure that the electroporation method itself is not impacting the embryo? 4) What would you do to ensure that the electroporation is working? How can you tell?arrow_forwardDescribe a method to document the diffusion path and gradient of Sonic Hedgehog through the chicken embryo. If modifying the protein, what is one thing you have to consider in regards to maintaining the protein’s function?arrow_forwardThe following table is from Kumar et. al. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (DR) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J. Med Chem 2016.arrow_forward
- The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. You are a chef in a fancy new science-themed restaurant. You have a recipe that calls for 1 teaspoon of resinferatoxin, but you feel uncomfortable serving foods with "toxins" in them. How much capsaicin could you substitute instead?arrow_forwardWhat protein is necessary for packaging acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles?arrow_forward1. Match each vocabulary term to its best descriptor A. affinity B. efficacy C. inert D. mimic E. how drugs move through body F. how drugs bind Kd Bmax Agonist Antagonist Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamicsarrow_forward
- 50 mg dose of a drug is given orally to a patient. The bioavailability of the drug is 0.2. What is the volume of distribution of the drug if the plasma concentration is 1 mg/L? Be sure to provide units.arrow_forwardDetermine Kd and Bmax from the following Scatchard plot. Make sure to include units.arrow_forwardChoose a catecholamine neurotransmitter and describe/draw the components of the synapse important for its signaling including synthesis, packaging into vesicles, receptors, transporters/degradative enzymes. Describe 2 drugs that can act on this system.arrow_forward
- The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. a) Which has a higher potency? b) Which is has a higher efficacy? c) What is the approximate Kd of capsaicin in uM? (you can round to the nearest power of 10)arrow_forwardWhat is the rate-limiting-step for serotonin synthesis?arrow_forwardWhat enzyme is necessary for synthesis of all of the monoamines?arrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning



