Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 3, Problem 14E
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 3 - State Kepler’s three laws in your own words.Ch. 3 - Why did Kepler need Tycho Brahe’s data to...Ch. 3 - Which has more mass: an armful of feathers or an...Ch. 3 - Explain how Kepler was able to find a relationship...Ch. 3 - Write out Newton’s three laws of motion in terms...Ch. 3 - Which major planet has the largest . . . A....Ch. 3 - Why do we say that Neptune was the first planet to...Ch. 3 - Why was Brahe reluctant to provide Kepler with all...Ch. 3 - According to Kepler’s second law, where in a...Ch. 3 - The gas pedal, the brakes, and the steering wheel...
Ch. 3 - Explain how a rocket can propel itself using...Ch. 3 - A certain material has a mass of 565 g while...Ch. 3 - To calculate the momentum of an object, which...Ch. 3 - To calculate the angular momentum of an object,...Ch. 3 - What was the great insight Newton had regarding...Ch. 3 - Which of these properties of an object best...Ch. 3 - Pluto’s orbit is more eccentric than any of the...Ch. 3 - Why is Tycho Brahe often called “the greatest...Ch. 3 - Is it possible to escape the force of gravity by...Ch. 3 - What is the momentum of an object whose velocity...Ch. 3 - Evil space aliens drop you and your fellow...Ch. 3 - A body moves in a perfectly circular path at...Ch. 3 - As friction with our atmosphere causes a satellite...Ch. 3 - Use a history book, an encyclopedia, or the...Ch. 3 - Two asteroids begin to gravitationally attract one...Ch. 3 - How does the mass of an astronaut change when she...Ch. 3 - If there is gravity where the International Space...Ch. 3 - Compare the density, weight, mass, and volume of a...Ch. 3 - If identical spacecraft were orbiting Mars and...Ch. 3 - By what factor would a person’s weight be...Ch. 3 - Suppose astronomers find an earthlike planet that...Ch. 3 - What is the semimajor axis of a circle of diameter...Ch. 3 - If 24 g of material fills a cube 2 cm on a side,...Ch. 3 - If 128 g of material is in the shape of a brick 2...Ch. 3 - If the major axis of an ellipse is 16 cm, what is...Ch. 3 - What is the average distance from the Sun (in...Ch. 3 - What is the average distance from the Sun (in...Ch. 3 - In 1996, astronomers discovered an icy object...
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- Two planets X and Y travel counterclockwise in circular orbits about a star as shown in Figure P11.14. The radii of their orbits are in the ratio 3:1. At one moment, they are aligned as shown in Figure P11.14a, making a straight line with the star. During the next five years, the angular displacement of planet X is 90.0 as shown in Figure P11.14b. What is the angular displacement of planet Y at this moment?arrow_forwardAstronomical observatrions of our Milky Way galaxy indicate that it has a mass of about 8.01011 solar masses. A star orbiting on the galaxy’s periphery is about 6.0104 light-years from its center. (a) What should the orbital period of that star be? (b) If its period is 6.0107 years instead, what is the mass of the galaxy? Such calculations are used to imply the existence of other matter, such as a very massive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.arrow_forwardA satellite is spinning at 6.0 rev/s. The satellite consists of a main body in the shape of a sphere of radius 2.0 m and mass 10,000 kg, and two antennas projecting out from the center of mass of the main body that can be approximated with rods of length 3.0 m each and mass 10 kg. The antenna’s lie in the plane of rotation. What is the angular momentum of the satellite?arrow_forward
- Model the Moons orbit around the Earth as an ellipse with the Earth at one focus. The Moons farthest distance (apogee) from the center of the Earth is rA = 4.05 108 m, and its closest distance (perigee) is rP = 3.63 108 m. a. Calculate the semimajor axis of the Moons orbit. b. How far is the Earth from the center of the Moons elliptical orbit? c. Use a scale such as 1 cm 108 m to sketch the EarthMoon system at apogee and at perigee and the Moons orbit. (The semiminor axis of the Moons orbit is roughly b = 3.84 108 m.)arrow_forwardA star with a of mass of 3.0x1032 kg and radius 7.0x108 m is initially rotating at a rate of once every 30 days. The star collapses into a neutron star with the same mass but a new radius of 18,000 m. What is the new angular speed of the star? (Give your answer in rotations per second.) Assume the star is a solid sphere: Isphere = 2/5 MR2.arrow_forwardA star that has the same mass and radius as the Sun rotates at an angular velocity 1.2 revolutions per month. The star collapses into a white dwarf that has a radius of 3.0 km. What is its angular velocity after the collapse?arrow_forward
- A star has a mass of 1.5 x 10^30 kg and is moving in a circular orbit about the center of its galaxy. The radius of the orbit is 2.2 x 10 ^ 4 light years( 1 lightyear = 9.5 x 10 ^15 m ) , and the angular speed of the star is 2.2 x 10 ^ -15 rad/s. a) Determine the tangential speed of the star. b) What is the magnitude of the net force that acts on the star to keep moving around the center of the galaxy?arrow_forwardAccording to the law of conservation of momentum... a total angular momentum is unchanged, it means an orbiting object must orbit faster when it's far from the object it orbits around b when an object rotates or orbits, it will eventually stop because of friction c total angular momentum is unchanged, it means an orbiting object must orbit at the same speed when it's far from the object it orbits around d total angular momentum is unchanged, it means an orbiting object must orbit faster when it's near the object it orbits aroundarrow_forwardAn ice skater is spinning at 6.8 rev/s and has a moment of inertia of 0.56 kg ⋅ m2. 1) Calculate the angular momentum, in kilogram meters squared per second, of the ice skater spinning at 6.8 rev/s. L1 = 2) He reduces his rate of rotation by extending his arms and increasing his moment of inertia. Find the value of his moment of inertia (in kilogram meters squared) if his rate of rotation decreases to 1.75 rev/s. I2 = 3) Suppose instead he keeps his arms in and allows friction of the ice to slow him to 3.5 rev/s. What is the magnitude of the average torque that was exerted, in N ⋅ m, if this takes 16 s? τave =arrow_forward
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