All but one species of large-billed birds native to New Zealand’s tropical forests are now extinct. Numbers of the surviving species, the kereru, are declining rapidly due to habitat loss, poaching predation, and interspecies competition that wiped out the other native birds. The kereru remains the sole dispersing agent for several native trees that produce big seeds and fruits. One tree, the puriri is New Zealand’s most valued hardwood. Explain, in terms of natural selection, why we might expect to see no new puriri trees in New Zealand.

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.