
A.
To describe: The cause and the worsening of heartburn after eating.
Introduction: One frequent cause of acid reflux disease is a stomach irregularity called a hiatal hernia. This happens when the upper part of the stomach and LES move beyond the diaphragm, a muscle that divides the stomach from the chest. Regularly, the diaphragm helps keep acid in our stomach. However, due to the presence of hiatal hernia, acid can move up into the esophagus and induce symptoms of acid reflux disease.
A.

Explanation of Solution
As the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux has been made, the heartburn can be explained because of the stomach acid causing contact with the food pipe due to the improper closure of the sphincter. The acid burns the lining of the food pipe, causing the prominent symptom of heartburn. This heartburn often becomes worse after eating, because of two reasons: Firstly, after eating, the stomach cavity is more occupied, which in turn increases the volume of the contents and causes more irritation. Secondly, the secretion of acid in the stomach is aided by the ingested food, therefore, creating more heartburn.
B.
To describe: The reason why the persons with GERD are advised to lose weight, avoid eating fatty foods, remain sitting after eating, and sleep with their head slightly elevated. The possible relationship between these situations and the occurrence of reflux.
Introduction: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is a digestive dysfunction that results when acidic stomach juices, or food and fluids back up from the stomach into the esophagus. GERD strikes people of all ages, from infants to older adults. Somebody with asthma is at a greater danger of acquiring GERD.
B.

Explanation of Solution
The reflux occurs due to the lack of closure of the sphincter due to many reasons. One such is an accumulation of fats or the muscle wall. Therefore, the patient is advised to lose weight or lose some fat and manage his/her diet, which in turn will help regulate acid secretion cycles. Also, allowing the sitting posture after ingestion of food will allow the contents to be digested and passed away into the intestine, decreasing the reflux possibilities.
C.
To describe: The possible relationship between GERD and the respiratory symptoms.
Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may trigger or worsen many consumptive diseases. The acid can induce throat irritation, postnasal drip, and hoarseness, as well as chronic cough, chest blockage, and lung inflammation resulting in asthma and bronchitis.
C.

Explanation of Solution
As the acid rises in the food, there is a higher chance of it coming in contact with the respiratory passages such as nasal and pharyngeal cavities. Therefore, the symptoms appear in the respiratory system as well. These symptoms can be caused primarily due to burns or secondarily due to the inflammation of the lining of the related respiratory passages, which in turn will cause difficulty in breathing and sleeping.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 29 Solutions
EBK ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- H gene assorts independently from the I gene. Both on autosomes. One man and one woman, both of HhIAIB genotype. Determine the blood type of progeny and fractions out of 16arrow_forwardAlleles at the P locus control seed color. Plants which are pp have white seeds, white flowers and no pigment in vegetative parts. Plants which are P_ have black seeds, purple flowers and may have varying degrees of pigment on stems and leaves. Seed color can be assessed, visually, based on if the seed is white or not white A gene for mold resistance has been reported and we want to determine its inheritance and whether it is linked to P. For the purposes of this exercise, we will assume that resistance is controlled by a single locus M, and M_ plants are resistant and mm plants are susceptible. Resistance can be measured, under greenhouse conditions, 2 weeks after planting, by injecting each seedling with a spore suspension. After two weeks, the seedlings can be rated as resistant or susceptible, based on whether or not tissue is actively sporulating. For this exercise we will use seed and data from the F10 generation of a recombinant inbred population produced using single seed…arrow_forwardLinkage in common bean Alleles at the P locus control seed color. Plants which are pp have white seeds, white flowers and no pigment in vegetative parts. Plants which are P_ have black seeds, purple flowers and may have varying degrees of pigment on stems and leaves. Seed color can be assessed, visually, based on if the seed is white or not white A gene for mold resistance has been reported and we want to determine its inheritance and whether it is linked to P. For the purposes of this exercise, we will assume that resistance is controlled by a single locus M, and M_ plants are resistant and mm plants are susceptible. Resistance can be measured, under greenhouse conditions, 2 weeks after planting, by injecting each seedling with a spore suspension. After two weeks, the seedlings can be rated as resistant or susceptible, based on whether or not tissue is actively sporulating. For this exercise we will use seed and data from the F10 generation of a recombinant inbred population…arrow_forward
- Alleles at the P locus control seed color. Plants which are pp have white seeds, white flowers and no pigment in vegetative parts. Plants which are P_ have black seeds, purple flowers and may have varying degrees of pigment on stems and leaves. Seed color can be assessed, visually, based on if the seed is white or not white A gene for mold resistance has been reported and we want to determine its inheritance and whether it is linked to P. For the purposes of this exercise, we will assume that resistance is controlled by a single locus M, and M_ plants are resistant and mm plants are susceptible. Resistance can be measured, under greenhouse conditions, 2 weeks after planting, by injecting each seedling with a spore suspension. After two weeks, the seedlings can be rated as resistant or susceptible, based on whether or not tissue is actively sporulating. For this exercise we will use seed and data from the F10 generation of a recombinant inbred population produced using single seed…arrow_forwardcan you help? I think its B but not surearrow_forwardSkip to main content close Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now! arrow_forward search SEARCH ASK Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BUY Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition) 11th Edition ISBN: 9780134580999 Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn Publisher: PEARSON 1 The Human Body: An Orientation expand_moreChapter 1 : The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter Questions expand_moreSection: Chapter Questions Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,... format_list_bulletedProblem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,... See similar textbooks Bartleby Related Questions Icon Related questions Bartleby Expand Icon bartleby Concept explainers bartleby Question Draw a replication bubble with two replication forks.blue lines are DNA single strands and red lines are RNA single strands.indicate all 3' and 5’ ends on all DNA single…arrow_forward
- Provide an answerarrow_forwardQuestion 4 1 pts Which of the following would be most helpful for demonstrating alternative splicing for a new organism? ○ its proteome and its transcriptome only its transcriptome only its genome its proteome and its genomearrow_forwardIf the metabolic scenario stated with 100 mM of a sucrose solution, how much ATP would be made then during fermentation?arrow_forward
- What is agricuarrow_forwardWhen using the concept of "a calorie in is equal to a calorie out" how important is the quality of the calories?arrow_forwardWhat did the Cre-lox system used in the Kikuchi et al. 2010 heart regeneration experiment allow researchers to investigate? What was the purpose of the cmlc2 promoter? What is CreER and why was it used in this experiment? If constitutively active Cre was driven by the cmlc2 promoter, rather than an inducible CreER system, what color would you expect new cardiomyocytes in the regenerated area to be no matter what? Why?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education





