ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781260265217
Author: McKinley
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 28.2, Problem 4WDYL
How do sex chromosomes differ from autosomes?
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The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
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According to the CDC on Feb 26*: "A multistate outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses had been found in cows. In the United States, since 2022, USDA has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals."
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You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon:
a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a
kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is
activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media.
Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon.
Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator
You also have these genetic components in other strains:
b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a
series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery
for transformation).
c) the gene cl (a repressor).
d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active).
e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein).
Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange
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Chapter 28 Solutions
ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 28.1 - What general components make up the reproductive...Ch. 28.1 - What hormones begin to be secreted at puberty, and...Ch. 28.1 - What are the components of the urogenital...Ch. 28.2 - How do sex chromosomes differ from autosomes?Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 5WDYLCh. 28.2 - Prob. 6WDYLCh. 28.2 - Prob. 7WDYLCh. 28.2 - Prob. 8WDYLCh. 28.2 - Prob. 9WDYLCh. 28.2 - Prob. 10WDYL
Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 11WDYLCh. 28.3 - Prob. 12WDYLCh. 28.3 - Prob. 13WDYLCh. 28.3 - Prob. 14WDYLCh. 28.3 - What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle,...Ch. 28.3 - What are the four segments of the uterine tubes,...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 17WDYLCh. 28.3 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 28.3 - What are the three phases of the uterine cycle,...Ch. 28.3 - Compare and contrast the ovarian and uterine...Ch. 28.3 - What are the individual components of the female...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 22WDYLCh. 28.3 - Prob. 23WDYLCh. 28.3 - Prob. 24WDYLCh. 28.4 - How does the scrotum help regulate the temperature...Ch. 28.4 - What are the major cell types in the seminiferous...Ch. 28.4 - What hormones are produced by the interstitial...Ch. 28.4 - How does a spermatogonium divide to produce...Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 29WDYLCh. 28.4 - Prob. 30WDYLCh. 28.4 - What are the specific functions of the accessory...Ch. 28.4 - How is seminal fluid different from semen?Ch. 28.4 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 34WDYLCh. 28.4 - Prob. 35WDYLCh. 28.5 - Prob. 36WDYLCh. 28.5 - Prob. 37WDYLCh. 28.5 - Prob. 38WDYLCh. 28.5 - Prob. 39WDYLCh. 28.5 - Prob. 40WDYLCh. 28.5 - What factors affect the age that menarche first...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 42WDYLCh. 28 - _____ 1. The female homologue to the glans of the...Ch. 28 - _____ 2. Ovulation occurs due to a dramatic peak...Ch. 28 - _____ 3. Which statement is accurate about the...Ch. 28 - _____ 4. Which structure contains a primary...Ch. 28 - _____ 5. In the male, what cells produce...Ch. 28 - Prob. 6DYKBCh. 28 - _____ 7. Spermatogonia divide by mitosis to form a...Ch. 28 - _____ 8. Sperm are stored in the _____, where they...Ch. 28 - _____ 9. Which statement is accurate about the...Ch. 28 - _____ 10. The paramesonephric ducts in the embryo...Ch. 28 - What are some anatomic similarities between the...Ch. 28 - What hormones are associated with the female...Ch. 28 - Prob. 13DYKBCh. 28 - List the uterine wall layers, and describe the...Ch. 28 - Compare and contrast the ovarian cycle phases and...Ch. 28 - Describe the relationship among the hypothalamus,...Ch. 28 - What is the function of sustentacular cells in the...Ch. 28 - Describe the process of spermatogenesis, including...Ch. 28 - How do erection and ejaculation occur in the male?Ch. 28 - What structures are formed from the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 1CALCh. 28 - Prob. 2CALCh. 28 - The physician reviews Luisas and Victors blood...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4CALCh. 28 - Prob. 5CALCh. 28 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 28 - Caitlyn had unprotected sex with her fianc...Ch. 28 - Prob. 3CSL
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- You have identified a new species of a Gram-positive bacteria. You would like to screen their genome for all proteins that are covalently linked to the cell wall. You have annotated the genome, so that you identified all the promoters, operons, and genes sequences within the operons. Using these features, what would you screen for to identify a set of candidates for proteins covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall.arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram from a genomic locus of a bacterial genome. Each arrow represents a coding region, and the arrowheads indicate its orientation in the genome. The numbers are randomly assigned. Draw the following features on the diagram, and explain your rationale for each feature: 10 12 合會會會會長 6 a) Expected transcriptions, based on known properties of bacterial genes and operons. How many proteins are encoded in each of the transcripts? b) Location of promoters (include rationale) c) Location of transcriptional terminators (include rationale) d) Locations of Shine-Dalgarno sequences (include rationale)arrow_forwardSample excuse letter in school class for the reasons of headaches and dysmenorrhea caused by menstrual cyclearrow_forward
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