Elementary Surveying, Global Edition
Elementary Surveying, Global Edition
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781292060491
Author: Charles D. Ghilani, Paul Wolf
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 28, Problem 28.1P
To determine

The concept of layers in a Geographical Information System.

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Explanation of Solution

Layers are geographic data of different types which are gathered and encrusted together in a Geographical Information System (GIS). Layers can be recorded digitally and are inculcated in a GIS database.

Each layer could be spatially related information which shows zoning, floodplains, wetlands, soils, topography, hydrography, geodetic reference framework and so on. The layers combined bring all data in a common spatial reference system. A layer can have its own labeling properties, datasets, and map symbols.

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A continuous foundation is shown in Figure 1. If the load eccentricity, e = 0.5 meter. Determine the ultimate load Qult per unit length of the foundation. Use Mayerhof’s effective area method. Given B = 2 meter, Df = 2.0 meter , ϕ = 40 , c’ = 0 kN/m3, γ = 16.5 kN/m3 . Calculate also the Factor of Safety for the shallow foundation.
A simply supported beam is subjected to the end couples (bending is about the strong axis) and the axial load shown in the figure below. These moments and axial load are from service loads and consist of equal parts dead load and live load. Lateral support is provided only at the ends. Neglect the weight of the beam and investigate this member as a beam-column. Use Fy that P40 k and M = 68 ft-k. For W10 × 33: I = 171 in.4; 10 ft and C₁ = 1.0: Mn = 134 ft-kips and Mn/₁ = 89.3 ft-kips; = 50 ksi. Suppose for Lb for Lc - = 10 ft: Pn 330 kips and Pr/c = 220 kips. W10 X 33 P M M 10' Pu A) + Ферп 9 a. Use LRFD. Select the interaction formula: Mur 84, Mnz Muy + <1.0 Фь Мпу Pu Mur Muy B) + + ≤ 1.0 20c Pn Фь Мих nx ФоМпу -Select- ✓ Compute the interaction formula. (Express your answer to three significant figures.) -Select- 1.0 This member is -Select- b. Use ASD. Select the interaction formula: Ра 8 Max May A) + + <1.0 Pn/c Mnx/b Mny/b Pa Max May B) + + 1.0 2Pn/c Mnx/b Mny/b -Select- Compute the…
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