
Concept explainers
(a)
The definition of term baryon.

Explanation of Solution
A baryon is defined as a composite subatomic particle which is made up of three quarks. Since protons and neutrons are the most stable baryons, so most building blocks of matter are baryons.
(b)
The definition of term meson.

Explanation of Solution
Mesons are defined as an intermediate mass particle which consists of a pair of quark and antiquark. Three combinations of quarks are termed as baryons. Mesons are bosons, and fermions are the baryons. There was a recent claim that particles with five quarks (pent quarks) were observed, but further experiments did not support it.
(c)
The definition of term quark.

Explanation of Solution
Quark is a type of elementary particle which is a fundamental constituent of matter. These are combined to form a composite particle known as hadrons. The properties of quark are spin, mass, color charge, and electric charge. Quark is of 6 types termed as flavors. They are up, charm, strange, down, bottom and top quarks. The two quarks, up and down, have lowest masses as well as they are most stable amongst all. Each quark flavor has its antiparticle, termed as antiquark. So, these can be replaced by their corresponding antiquarks.
(d)
The definition of term lepton.

Explanation of Solution
A lepton is defined as an elementary particle. They do not involve in strong interactions, but these have a half-integer spin equal to
- Charged leptons.
Charged leptons when combined with other particles, form different composite particles like atoms and positronium.
(e)
The definition of term antiparticle.

Explanation of Solution
In particle physics, there is an antiparticle for each particle type with the same mass but opposite physical charges like electric charge. Consider an electron. The electron antiparticle is an anti-electron which is also termed as positron. Since the electric charge on electron is negative, so the charge on positron will be positive. Thus, it is produced naturally in various types radioactive decays.
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