An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis
An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305269477
Author: R. Lyman Ott, Micheal T. Longnecker
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2.8, Problem 1E

In the following descriptions of a study, confounding is present. Describe the explanatory and confounding variable in the study and how the confounding may invalidate the conclusions of the study. Furthermore, suggest how you would change the study to eliminate the effect of the confounding variable.

  1. a. A prospective study is conducted to study the relationship between incidence of lung cancer and level of alcohol drinking. The drinking status of 5,000 subjects is determined, and the health of the subjects is then followed for 10 years. The results are given below.

Chapter 2.8, Problem 1E, In the following descriptions of a study, confounding is present. Describe the explanatory and

  1. b. A study was conducted to examine the possible relationship between coronary disease and obesity. The study found that the proportion of obese persons having developed coronary disease was much higher than the proportion of nonobese persons. A medical researcher states that the population of obese persons generally has higher incidences of hypertension and diabetes than the population of nonobese persons.
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Problem 3. Pricing a multi-stock option the Margrabe formula The purpose of this problem is to price a swap option in a 2-stock model, similarly as what we did in the example in the lectures. We consider a two-dimensional Brownian motion given by W₁ = (W(¹), W(2)) on a probability space (Q, F,P). Two stock prices are modeled by the following equations: dX = dY₁ = X₁ (rdt+ rdt+0₁dW!) (²)), Y₁ (rdt+dW+0zdW!"), with Xo xo and Yo =yo. This corresponds to the multi-stock model studied in class, but with notation (X+, Y₁) instead of (S(1), S(2)). Given the model above, the measure P is already the risk-neutral measure (Both stocks have rate of return r). We write σ = 0₁+0%. We consider a swap option, which gives you the right, at time T, to exchange one share of X for one share of Y. That is, the option has payoff F=(Yr-XT). (a) We first assume that r = 0 (for questions (a)-(f)). Write an explicit expression for the process Xt. Reminder before proceeding to question (b): Girsanov's theorem…
Problem 1. Multi-stock model We consider a 2-stock model similar to the one studied in class. Namely, we consider = S(1) S(2) = S(¹) exp (σ1B(1) + (M1 - 0/1 ) S(²) exp (02B(2) + (H₂- M2 where (B(¹) ) +20 and (B(2) ) +≥o are two Brownian motions, with t≥0 Cov (B(¹), B(2)) = p min{t, s}. " The purpose of this problem is to prove that there indeed exists a 2-dimensional Brownian motion (W+)+20 (W(1), W(2))+20 such that = S(1) S(2) = = S(¹) exp (011W(¹) + (μ₁ - 01/1) t) 롱) S(²) exp (021W (1) + 022W(2) + (112 - 03/01/12) t). where σ11, 21, 22 are constants to be determined (as functions of σ1, σ2, p). Hint: The constants will follow the formulas developed in the lectures. (a) To show existence of (Ŵ+), first write the expression for both W. (¹) and W (2) functions of (B(1), B(²)). as (b) Using the formulas obtained in (a), show that the process (WA) is actually a 2- dimensional standard Brownian motion (i.e. show that each component is normal, with mean 0, variance t, and that their…
The scores of 8 students on the midterm exam and final exam were as follows.   Student Midterm Final Anderson 98 89 Bailey 88 74 Cruz 87 97 DeSana 85 79 Erickson 85 94 Francis 83 71 Gray 74 98 Harris 70 91   Find the value of the (Spearman's) rank correlation coefficient test statistic that would be used to test the claim of no correlation between midterm score and final exam score. Round your answer to 3 places after the decimal point, if necessary. Test statistic: rs =

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An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis

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