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Concept Introduction:
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Explanation of Solution
Formula to calculate debt percent of real GDP:
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Formula to calculate budget deficit percent of real GDP:
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a. Government budget deficit remains constant.
Given:
Budget deficit is constant at $30 per year.
Year | Real GDP(billions $)![]() | Debt(billions $)![]() | Budget Deficit(billions $)![]() | Debt % of Real GDP(%)![]() | Budget Deficit% of Real GAP(%)![]() |
2014 | 1,000 | 300 | 30 | 30 | 3 |
2015 | 1,030 | 309 | 30 | 30 | 2.91 |
2016 | 1,061 | 318.3 | 30 | 30 | 2.82 |
2017 | 1,093 | 328 | 30 | 30 | 2.74 |
2018 | 1,126 | 337 | 30 | 30 | 2.66 |
2019 | 1,159 | 347.7 | 30 | 30 | 2.58 |
`2020 | 1,194 | 358.2 | 30 | 30 | 2.51 |
2021 | 1,230 | 369 | 30 | 30 | 2.43 |
2022 | 1,267 | 380 | 30 | 30 | 2.36 |
2023 | 1,305 | 391.5 | 30 | 30 | 2.29 |
2024 | 1,344 | 403.2 | 30 | 30 | 2.23 |
Conclusion:
Thus, the table is completed.
b. Government budget deficit grows by 3%.
Given:
Government budget deficit grows by 3% per year.
Year | Real GDP(billions $)![]() | Debt(billions $)![]() | Budget Deficit(billions $)![]() | Debt % of Real GDP(%)![]() | Budget Deficit% of Real GAP(%)![]() |
2014 | 1,000 | 300 | 30 | 30 | 3 |
2015 | 1,030 | 309 | 30.9 | 30 | 3 |
2016 | 1,061 | 318.3 | 31.8 | 30 | 2.99 |
2017 | 1,093 | 328 | 32.7 | 30 | 2.99 |
2018 | 1,126 | 337 | 33.6 | 30 | 2.98 |
2019 | 1,159 | 347.7 | 34.6 | 30 | 2.98 |
2020 | 1,194 | 358.2 | 35.6 | 30 | 2.98 |
2021 | 1,230 | 369 | 36.6 | 30 | 2.97 |
2022 | 1,267 | 380 | 37.6 | 30 | 2.96 |
2023 | 1,305 | 391.5 | 38.7 | 30 | 2.96 |
2024 | 1,344 | 403.2 | 39.8 | 30 | 2.96 |
Conclusion:
Thus, the debt-GDP ratio and ratio of the budget deficit is calculated.
c. Government budget deficit grows by 20%.
Given:
Government budget deficit grows by 20% per year.
Year | Real GDP(billions $)![]() | Debt(billions $)![]() | Budget Deficit(billions $)![]() | Debt % of Real GDP(%)![]() | Budget Deficit% of Real GAP(%)![]() |
2014 | 1,000 | 300 | 30 | 30 | 3 |
2015 | 1,030 | 309 | 36 | 30 | 3.49 |
2016 | 1,061 | 318.3 | 43.2 | 30 | 4.07 |
2017 | 1,093 | 328 | 51.8 | 30 | 4.73 |
2018 | 1,126 | 337 | 62.2 | 30 | 5.52 |
2019 | 1,159 | 347.7 | 74.6 | 30 | 6.43 |
2020 | 1,194 | 358.2 | 89.6 | 30 | 7.50 |
2021 | 1,230 | 369 | 107.5 | 30 | 8.73 |
2022 | 1,267 | 380 | 128.9 | 30 | 10.17 |
2023 | 1,305 | 391.5 | 154.7 | 30 | 11.85 |
2024 | 1,344 | 403.2 | 185.7 | 30 | 13.81 |
Conclusion:
Thus, the debt-GDP ratio and ratio of the budget deficit is calculated.
d. Debt-GDP ratio.
- In part a, the budget deficit is constant so the debt-GDP ratio is 0.3 and deficit to GDP ratio is 0.03.
- In part b, the budget deficit increases by 3% so the debt-GDP ratio is 0.3 and in part c. the budget deficit increases by 20% so the debt-GDP ratio is 0.3.
Conclusion:
Thus, debt-GDP ratio remains the same in every case.
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Chapter 28 Solutions
Loose-leaf Version for Economics & LaunchPad (Twelve Month Access)
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