Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 27, Problem 1R
The koala is a leaf-eating animal. What can you infer about its
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To review:
The digestive system of koala, a leaf-eating animal.
Introduction:
Koala is a mammal which mainly survives on a diet of eucalyptus leaves, something that is extremely poisonous to many animals. Eucalyptus leaves are rich in fiber and have a very low nutritional level. Koalas have the tendency to rarely drink water as they absorb the required amount of water from the leaves. Koalas have a specialized digestive system adapted to their unique diet that enables the detoxification of poisonous chemicals present in the eucalyptus leaves.
Explanation of Solution
The Koala’s digestive system consists of the esophagus, stomach, caecum, small intestine, proximal colon, distal colon, rectum, and anus. Caecum is a specialized fiber-digesting organ present in Koalas. Though humans also possess this organ, Koalas have a caecum that is about 200 cm long. This highly voluminous caecum harbors millions of bacteria which facilitate the digestion of fiber into a form that can be easily absorbed. The gut microflora of Koala also aid in the digestion of toxic compounds present in eucalyptus leaves. Deterioration of these unique microbes in the gut has severe effects that essentially make them stop feeding as they would not be able to break down such poisonous compounds.
Conclusion
The extremely developed caecum of Koalas, harboring cellulose-degrading microorganisms, facilitates the survival of Koalas which live on a unique diet of eucalyptus leaves.
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1.) Community Diversity:
The brown and orange line represent two different plant communities.
a. Which color represents the community with a higher species richness?
b. Which color represents the community with a higher species evenness?
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0.1
0.04
0.001
2 4 6
8
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c. What is the maximum value of the Simpson's diversity index (remember, Simpson's
index is D = p², Simpson's diversity index is 1-D)?
d. If the Simpson's diversity index equals 1, what does that mean about the number of
species and their relative abundance within community being assessed?
1.) Community Diversity:
The brown and orange line represent two different plant communities.
a. Which color represents the community with a higher species richness?
b. Which color represents the community with a higher species evenness?
Relative abundance
0.1
0.04
0.001
2 4 6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Rank abundance
c. What is the maximum value of the Simpson's diversity index (remember, Simpson's
index is D = p², Simpson's diversity index is 1-D)?
d. If the Simpson's diversity index equals 1, what does that mean about the number of
species and their relative abundance within community being assessed?
Chapter 27 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 27 - The koala is a leaf-eating animal. What can you...Ch. 27 - Give one possible explanation of why Penicillium...Ch. 27 - In the sulfur cycle, microbes degrade organic...Ch. 27 - Why is the phosphorus cycle important?Ch. 27 - DRAW IT 5. Identify where the following processes...Ch. 27 - Prob. 6RCh. 27 - Outline the treatment process for drinking water.Ch. 27 - Prob. 8RCh. 27 - Bioremediation refers to the use of living...Ch. 27 - NAME IT 10. These nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes...
Ch. 27 - Activated sludge system a. the process takes place...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 27 - Nitrogen fixation a. the process takes place under...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 27 - The water used to prepare intravenous solutions in...Ch. 27 - CO2+H2SLightLightC6H12O6+S0 a. aerobic respiration...Ch. 27 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 27 - CO2+8H++8eCH4+2H2O a. aerobic respiration b....Ch. 27 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 27 - Coliforms are used as indicator organisms of...Ch. 27 - Prob. 1ACh. 27 - Explain the effect of dumping untreated sewage...Ch. 27 - Flooding after two weeks of heavy rainfall in...Ch. 27 - The bioremediation process shown in the photograph...
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