Statistics (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134080215
Author: James T. McClave, Terry T Sincich
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2.7, Problem 133UP
To determine
Explain the hinges of a boxplot.
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(c) Because logistic regression predicts probabilities of outcomes, observations used to build a logistic regression model need not be independent.
A. false: all observations must be independent
B. true
C. false: only observations with the same outcome need to be independent
I ANSWERED: A. false: all observations must be independent.
(This was marked wrong but I have no idea why. Isn't this a basic assumption of logistic regression)
Business discuss
Spam filters are built on principles similar to those used in logistic regression. We fit a probability that each message is spam or not spam. We have several variables for each email. Here are a few: to_multiple=1 if there are multiple recipients, winner=1 if the word 'winner' appears in the subject line, format=1 if the email is poorly formatted, re_subj=1 if "re" appears in the subject line. A logistic model was fit to a dataset with the following output:
Estimate
SE
Z
Pr(>|Z|)
(Intercept)
-0.8161
0.086
-9.4895
0
to_multiple
-2.5651
0.3052
-8.4047
0
winner
1.5801
0.3156
5.0067
0
format
-0.1528
0.1136
-1.3451
0.1786
re_subj
-2.8401
0.363
-7.824
0
(a) Write down the model using the coefficients from the model fit.log_odds(spam) = -0.8161 + -2.5651 + to_multiple + 1.5801 winner + -0.1528 format + -2.8401 re_subj(b) Suppose we have an observation where to_multiple=0, winner=1, format=0, and re_subj=0. What is the predicted probability that this message is spam?…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Statistics (13th Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - Explain the difference between class frequency,...Ch. 2.1 - Explain the difference between a bar graph and a...Ch. 2.1 - Explain the difference between a bar graph and a...Ch. 2.1 - Complete the following table:
Ch. 2.1 - 2.2 A qualitative variable with three classes (X,...Ch. 2.1 - Study of importance of libraries. In The Canadian...Ch. 2.1 - 2.5 Do social robots walk or roll? A social (or...Ch. 2.1 - Paying for music downloads. If you use the...Ch. 2.1 -
Cheek teeth of extinct primates. The...Ch. 2.1 - Humane education and classroom pets. In grade...
Ch. 2.1 -
Estimating the rhino population. The...Ch. 2.1 - STEM experiences for girls. The National Science...Ch. 2.1 - 2.7 Microsoft program security issues. To help its...Ch. 2.1 - Genealogy research. The Journal of Family History...Ch. 2.1 - Characteristics of ice melt ponds. The National...Ch. 2.1 - Railway track allocation. One of the problems...Ch. 2.1 - Satellites in orbit. According to the Union of...Ch. 2.1 - Curbing street gang gun violence. Operation...Ch. 2.1 - Interactions in a children’s museum. The nature of...Ch. 2.1 - 2.16 Motivation and right-oriented bias....Ch. 2.1 - Do you believe in the Bible? Each year the...Ch. 2.1 - Museum management. What criteria do museums use to...Ch. 2.1 - 2.17 Groundwater contamination in wells. In New...Ch. 2.1 - Extinct New Zealand birds. Refer to the...Ch. 2.2 - Explain the difference between a dot plot and a...Ch. 2.2 - Explain the difference between a bar graph and a...Ch. 2.2 - Explain the difference between the stem and the...Ch. 2.2 - In a histogram, what are the class intervals?
Ch. 2.2 - How many classes are recommended in a histogram of...Ch. 2.2 - 2.21 Minitab was used to generate the following...Ch. 2.2 - 2.20 Consider the stem-and-leaf display shown...Ch. 2.2 - 2.18 Graph the relative frequency histogram for...Ch. 2.2 - 2.19 Refer to Exercise 2.18. Calculate the number...Ch. 2.2 - Irrelevant speech effects. In a psychological...Ch. 2.2 - Stability of compounds in new drugs. Testing the...Ch. 2.2 - 2.23 Corporate sustainability of CPA firms. Refer...Ch. 2.2 - Shaft graves in ancient Greece. Archeologists have...Ch. 2.2 - Cheek teeth of extinct primates. Refer to the...Ch. 2.2 - Music performance anxiety. The nature of...Ch. 2.2 - Is honey a cough remedy? Does a teaspoon of honey...Ch. 2.2 - Sanitation inspection of cruise ships. To minimize...Ch. 2.2 - Crab spiders hiding on flowers. Crab spiders use...Ch. 2.2 - Sound waves from a basketball. An experiment was...Ch. 2.2 - Research on eating disorders. Data from a...Ch. 2.2 - Research on brain specimens. The postmortem...Ch. 2.2 - State SAT scores. Educators are constantly...Ch. 2.2 - 2.33 Phishing attacks to e-mail accounts. Phishing...Ch. 2.2 - Mineral flotation in water study. A high...Ch. 2.3 - Give three different measures of central...Ch. 2.3 - Explain the difference between a measure of...Ch. 2.3 - What is the symbol used to represent the sample...Ch. 2.3 - Explain the concept of a skewed distribution.
Ch. 2.3 - What two factors affect the accuracy of the sample...Ch. 2.3 - 2.41 Describe how the mean compares to the median...Ch. 2.3 - 2.35 Calculate the mean and median of the...Ch. 2.3 - 2.39 Calculate the mode, mean, and median of the...Ch. 2.3 - 2.36 Calculate the mean for samples where
n = 10,...Ch. 2.3 - Construct one data set consisting of five...Ch. 2.3 - 2.40 Calculate the mean, median, and mode for each...Ch. 2.3 - Use the applet entitled Mean versus Median to find...Ch. 2.3 - Use the applet Mean versus Median to illustrate...Ch. 2.3 - Use the applet Mean versus Median to study the...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 60ACBCh. 2.3 - Characteristics of a rock fall. In Environmental...Ch. 2.3 - Music performance anxiety. Refer to the British...Ch. 2.3 - Corporate sustainability of CPA firms. Refer to...Ch. 2.3 - 2.49 Is honey a cough remedy? Refer to the...Ch. 2.3 - Check teeth of extinct primates. Refer to the...Ch. 2.3 - 2.52 Ranking driving performance of professional...Ch. 2.3 - 2.51 Symmetric or skewed? Would you expect the...Ch. 2.3 - Mongolian desert ants. The Journal of Biogeography...Ch. 2.3 - Permeability of sandstone during weathering....Ch. 2.3 - Mineral flotation in water study. Refer to the...Ch. 2.3 - Contact lenses for myopia. Myopia (i.e.,...Ch. 2.3 - Active nuclear power plants. The U.S. Energy...Ch. 2.4 - What is the range of data set?
Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 74UPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 75UPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 76UPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 77UPCh. 2.4 - 2.58 Calculate the variance and standard deviation...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 79LMCh. 2.4 - Prob. 80LMCh. 2.4 - 2.62 Using only integers between 0 and 10,...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 82LMCh. 2.4 - 2.63 Consider the following sample of five...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 84LMCh. 2.4 - Use the applet entitled Standard Deviation to find...Ch. 2.4 - Use the applet Standard Deviation to study the...Ch. 2.4 - Use the applet Standard Deviation to study the...Ch. 2.4 - Shell lengths of sea turtles. Aquatic Biology...Ch. 2.4 - Shaft graves in ancient Greece. Refer to the...Ch. 2.4 - Music performance anxiety. Refer to the British...Ch. 2.4 - Characteristics of a rockfall. Refer to the...Ch. 2.4 - 2.68 Is honey a cough remedy? Refer to the...Ch. 2.4 - 2.65 Permeability of sandstone during weathering....Ch. 2.4 - Check teeth of extinct primates. Refer to the...Ch. 2.4 - 2.69 Active nuclear power plants. Refer to...Ch. 2.5 - To what kind of data sets can Chebyshev’s rule be...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 94UPCh. 2.5 - Prob. 95UPCh. 2.5 - 2.72 For any set of data, what can be said about...Ch. 2.5 - 2.73 For a set of data with a mound-shaped...Ch. 2.5 - 2.74 The following is a sample of 25...Ch. 2.5 - 2.75 Given a data set with a largest value of 760...Ch. 2.5 - 2.78 Do social robots walk or roll? Refer to the...Ch. 2.5 - Sanitation inspection of cruise ships. Refer to...Ch. 2.5 - 2.80 Motivation of drug dealers. Consider a study...Ch. 2.5 - Dentists’ use of anesthetics. A study published in...Ch. 2.5 - Irrelevant speech effects. Refer to the Acoustical...Ch. 2.5 - Corporate sustainability of CPA firms. Refer to...Ch. 2.5 - Characteristics of antiwar demonstrators. The...Ch. 2.5 - Hand washing versus hand rubbing. As an...Ch. 2.5 - Velocity of Winchester bullets. The American...Ch. 2.5 - 2.77 Permeability of sandstone during weathering....Ch. 2.5 - 2.85 Shopping vehicle and judgment. While shopping...Ch. 2.5 - Animal-assisted therapy for heart patients. A...Ch. 2.5 - 2.87 Land purchase decision. A buyer for a lumber...Ch. 2.6 - For a quantitative data set
What is the 50th...Ch. 2.6 - 2.91 Give the percentage of measurements in a data...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 116UPCh. 2.6 - 2.90 Compute the z-score corresponding to each of...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 118LMCh. 2.6 - 2.94 Suppose that 40 and 90 are two elements of a...Ch. 2.6 - Math scores of twelfth graders. According to the...Ch. 2.6 - Drivers stopped by police. According to the Bureau...Ch. 2.6 - Stability of compounds in new drugs. Refer to the...Ch. 2.6 - Sanitation inspection of cruise ships. Refer to...Ch. 2.6 - Motivation of drug dealers. Refer to the Applied...Ch. 2.6 - 2.99 Lead in drinking water. The U.S....Ch. 2.6 - 2.96 Voltage sags and swells. Refer to the...Ch. 2.6 - 2.102 Blue- vs. red-colored exam study. In a study...Ch. 2.6 - 2.103 Ranking PhD programs in economics. Thousands...Ch. 2.6 - 2.105 Ranking PhD programs in economics (cont’d)....Ch. 2.6 - 2.104 Using z-scores for grades. At one...Ch. 2.7 - What is the interquartile range?
Ch. 2.7 - What are the hinges of a box plot?
Ch. 2.7 - With mound-shaped data, what proportion of the...Ch. 2.7 - Define an outlier.
Ch. 2.7 - 2.107 Suppose a data set consisting of exam scores...Ch. 2.7 - 2.108 Consider the horizontal box plot shown...Ch. 2.7 - 2.106 A sample data set has a mean of 57 and a...Ch. 2.7 - Consider the following sample data set. Construct...Ch. 2.7 - Consider the following sample data set.
Construct...Ch. 2.7 - Use the applet Standard Deviation to determine...Ch. 2.7 - Blond hair types in the Southwest Pacific. A...Ch. 2.7 - Dentists’ use of anesthetics. Refer to the Current...Ch. 2.7 - Research on brain specimens. Refer to the Brain...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 144ACBCh. 2.7 - Prob. 145ACBCh. 2.7 - 2.112 Treating psoriasis with the “Doctorfish of...Ch. 2.7 - Sanitation Inspection of cruise ships. Refer to...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 148ACICh. 2.7 - Prob. 149ACICh. 2.7 - Is honey a cough remedy? Refer to the Archives of...Ch. 2.7 - 2.119 Permeability of sandstone during weathering....Ch. 2.7 - Library book checkouts. A city librarian claims...Ch. 2.7 - Untutored second language acquisition. A student...Ch. 2.8 - Define a bivariate relationship.
Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 155UPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 156UPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 157LMCh. 2.8 - Prob. 158LMCh. 2.8 - Prob. 159ACBCh. 2.8 - Prob. 160ACBCh. 2.8 - Prob. 161ACBCh. 2.8 - Feeding behavior of fish. The feeding behavior of...Ch. 2.8 - New method for blood typing. In Analytical...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 164ACICh. 2.8 - Plants that grow on Swiss cliffs. A rare plant...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 166ACICh. 2.8 - Prob. 168ACACh. 2.8 - Ranking driving performance of professional...Ch. 2.9 - Museum management. Refer to the Museum Management...Ch. 2.9 - Trend in Iraq War casualties. While the United...Ch. 2.9 - 2.138 BP oil leak. In the summer of 2010, an...Ch. 2.9 - Irrelevant speech effects. Refer to the Acoustical...Ch. 2 - Prob. 174UPCh. 2 - 2.140 Discuss the conditions under which the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 176UPCh. 2 - Prob. 177UPCh. 2 - Prob. 178UPCh. 2 - Prob. 179LMCh. 2 - Prob. 180LMCh. 2 - Prob. 181LMCh. 2 - Prob. 182LMCh. 2 - Prob. 183LMCh. 2 - For each of the data sets in parts a–d, compute ,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 185LMCh. 2 - Prob. 186ACBCh. 2 - Prob. 187ACBCh. 2 - Reading Japanese books. Refer to Exercise 2.187....Ch. 2 - Prob. 189ACBCh. 2 - Crash tests on new cars. Each year, the National...Ch. 2 - Crash tests on new cars. Refer to Exercise 2.190...Ch. 2 - Estimating the age of glacial drifts. Tills are...Ch. 2 - Training zoo animals. “The Training Game” is an...Ch. 2 - Groundwater contamination in wells. Refer to the...Ch. 2 - Sociology fieldwork methods. University of New...Ch. 2 - Radioactive lichen. Lichen has a high absorbance...Ch. 2 - 2.88 Improving SAT scores. The National Education...Ch. 2 - Ammonia in car exhaust. Three-way catalytic...Ch. 2 - College protests of labor exploitation. The United...Ch. 2 - Speed of light front galaxies. Astronomers...Ch. 2 - Whistling dolphins. Marine scientists who study...Ch. 2 - Sentence complexity study. A study published in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 203ACICh. 2 - Archaeologists’ study of ring diagrams....Ch. 2 - Oil spill impact on seabirds. The Journal of...Ch. 2 - Benford’s Law of Numbers. According to Benford’s...Ch. 2 - Speed of light from galaxies. Refer to The...Ch. 2 - Standardized test “average.” U.S. News & World...Ch. 2 - Zinc phosphide in pest control. A chemical company...Ch. 2 - Grades in statistics. The final grades given by...Ch. 2 - Salaries of professional athletes. The salaries of...Ch. 2 - 2.170 No Child Left Behind Act. According to the...Ch. 2 - The Hite Report. Researcher Shere Hite shocked...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider an event X comprised of three outcomes whose probabilities are 9/18, 1/18,and 6/18. Compute the probability of the complement of the event. Question content area bottom Part 1 A.1/2 B.2/18 C.16/18 D.16/3arrow_forwardJohn and Mike were offered mints. What is the probability that at least John or Mike would respond favorably? (Hint: Use the classical definition.) Question content area bottom Part 1 A.1/2 B.3/4 C.1/8 D.3/8arrow_forwardThe details of the clock sales at a supermarket for the past 6 weeks are shown in the table below. The time series appears to be relatively stable, without trend, seasonal, or cyclical effects. The simple moving average value of k is set at 2. What is the simple moving average root mean square error? Round to two decimal places. Week Units sold 1 88 2 44 3 54 4 65 5 72 6 85 Question content area bottom Part 1 A. 207.13 B. 20.12 C. 14.39 D. 0.21arrow_forward
- The details of the clock sales at a supermarket for the past 6 weeks are shown in the table below. The time series appears to be relatively stable, without trend, seasonal, or cyclical effects. The simple moving average value of k is set at 2. If the smoothing constant is assumed to be 0.7, and setting F1 and F2=A1, what is the exponential smoothing sales forecast for week 7? Round to the nearest whole number. Week Units sold 1 88 2 44 3 54 4 65 5 72 6 85 Question content area bottom Part 1 A. 80 clocks B. 60 clocks C. 70 clocks D. 50 clocksarrow_forwardThe details of the clock sales at a supermarket for the past 6 weeks are shown in the table below. The time series appears to be relatively stable, without trend, seasonal, or cyclical effects. The simple moving average value of k is set at 2. Calculate the value of the simple moving average mean absolute percentage error. Round to two decimal places. Week Units sold 1 88 2 44 3 54 4 65 5 72 6 85 Part 1 A. 14.39 B. 25.56 C. 23.45 D. 20.90arrow_forwardThe accompanying data shows the fossil fuels production, fossil fuels consumption, and total energy consumption in quadrillions of BTUs of a certain region for the years 1986 to 2015. Complete parts a and b. Year Fossil Fuels Production Fossil Fuels Consumption Total Energy Consumption1949 28.748 29.002 31.9821950 32.563 31.632 34.6161951 35.792 34.008 36.9741952 34.977 33.800 36.7481953 35.349 34.826 37.6641954 33.764 33.877 36.6391955 37.364 37.410 40.2081956 39.771 38.888 41.7541957 40.133 38.926 41.7871958 37.216 38.717 41.6451959 39.045 40.550 43.4661960 39.869 42.137 45.0861961 40.307 42.758 45.7381962 41.732 44.681 47.8261963 44.037 46.509 49.6441964 45.789 48.543 51.8151965 47.235 50.577 54.0151966 50.035 53.514 57.0141967 52.597 55.127 58.9051968 54.306 58.502 62.4151969 56.286…arrow_forward
- The accompanying data shows the fossil fuels production, fossil fuels consumption, and total energy consumption in quadrillions of BTUs of a certain region for the years 1986 to 2015. Complete parts a and b. Year Fossil Fuels Production Fossil Fuels Consumption Total Energy Consumption1949 28.748 29.002 31.9821950 32.563 31.632 34.6161951 35.792 34.008 36.9741952 34.977 33.800 36.7481953 35.349 34.826 37.6641954 33.764 33.877 36.6391955 37.364 37.410 40.2081956 39.771 38.888 41.7541957 40.133 38.926 41.7871958 37.216 38.717 41.6451959 39.045 40.550 43.4661960 39.869 42.137 45.0861961 40.307 42.758 45.7381962 41.732 44.681 47.8261963 44.037 46.509 49.6441964 45.789 48.543 51.8151965 47.235 50.577 54.0151966 50.035 53.514 57.0141967 52.597 55.127 58.9051968 54.306 58.502 62.4151969 56.286…arrow_forwardThe accompanying data shows the fossil fuels production, fossil fuels consumption, and total energy consumption in quadrillions of BTUs of a certain region for the years 1986 to 2015. Complete parts a and b. Develop line charts for each variable and identify the characteristics of the time series (that is, random, stationary, trend, seasonal, or cyclical). What is the line chart for the variable Fossil Fuels Production?arrow_forwardThe accompanying data shows the fossil fuels production, fossil fuels consumption, and total energy consumption in quadrillions of BTUs of a certain region for the years 1986 to 2015. Complete parts a and b. Year Fossil Fuels Production Fossil Fuels Consumption Total Energy Consumption1949 28.748 29.002 31.9821950 32.563 31.632 34.6161951 35.792 34.008 36.9741952 34.977 33.800 36.7481953 35.349 34.826 37.6641954 33.764 33.877 36.6391955 37.364 37.410 40.2081956 39.771 38.888 41.7541957 40.133 38.926 41.7871958 37.216 38.717 41.6451959 39.045 40.550 43.4661960 39.869 42.137 45.0861961 40.307 42.758 45.7381962 41.732 44.681 47.8261963 44.037 46.509 49.6441964 45.789 48.543 51.8151965 47.235 50.577 54.0151966 50.035 53.514 57.0141967 52.597 55.127 58.9051968 54.306 58.502 62.4151969 56.286…arrow_forward
- For each of the time series, construct a line chart of the data and identify the characteristics of the time series (that is, random, stationary, trend, seasonal, or cyclical). Month PercentApr 1972 4.97May 1972 5.00Jun 1972 5.04Jul 1972 5.25Aug 1972 5.27Sep 1972 5.50Oct 1972 5.73Nov 1972 5.75Dec 1972 5.79Jan 1973 6.00Feb 1973 6.02Mar 1973 6.30Apr 1973 6.61May 1973 7.01Jun 1973 7.49Jul 1973 8.30Aug 1973 9.23Sep 1973 9.86Oct 1973 9.94Nov 1973 9.75Dec 1973 9.75Jan 1974 9.73Feb 1974 9.21Mar 1974 8.85Apr 1974 10.02May 1974 11.25Jun 1974 11.54Jul 1974 11.97Aug 1974 12.00Sep 1974 12.00Oct 1974 11.68Nov 1974 10.83Dec 1974 10.50Jan 1975 10.05Feb 1975 8.96Mar 1975 7.93Apr 1975 7.50May 1975 7.40Jun 1975 7.07Jul 1975 7.15Aug 1975 7.66Sep 1975 7.88Oct 1975 7.96Nov 1975 7.53Dec 1975 7.26Jan 1976 7.00Feb 1976 6.75Mar 1976 6.75Apr 1976 6.75May 1976…arrow_forwardHi, I need to make sure I have drafted a thorough analysis, so please answer the following questions. Based on the data in the attached image, develop a regression model to forecast the average sales of football magazines for each of the seven home games in the upcoming season (Year 10). That is, you should construct a single regression model and use it to estimate the average demand for the seven home games in Year 10. In addition to the variables provided, you may create new variables based on these variables or based on observations of your analysis. Be sure to provide a thorough analysis of your final model (residual diagnostics) and provide assessments of its accuracy. What insights are available based on your regression model?arrow_forwardI want to make sure that I included all possible variables and observations. There is a considerable amount of data in the images below, but not all of it may be useful for your purposes. Are there variables contained in the file that you would exclude from a forecast model to determine football magazine sales in Year 10? If so, why? Are there particular observations of football magazine sales from previous years that you would exclude from your forecasting model? If so, why?arrow_forward
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