Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967671
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 11SQ
Summary Introduction
To explain: What are the effects shown in the patient suffering from early symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as the patient can move his muscle but muscle contraction is weak.
Concept Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neurological disorder in which motor neurons cause the loss of skeletal muscle contraction. Motor neurons are the neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that carries signal from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles and the glands. Motor neurons carry signals in response to the external stimuli.
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Ch. 27 - A neuron ends in many branches, each with a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2SQCh. 27 - Your nervous system can be divided into two broad...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4SQCh. 27 - Prob. 5SQCh. 27 - Prob. 6SQCh. 27 - How is an action potential different from a...Ch. 27 - For each of the following senses in humans,...Ch. 27 - Mr. Johnson is becoming slightly deaf. To test his...Ch. 27 - Prob. 10SQ
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- Researchers are working to understand a rare disease that affects the ability of the muscles to contract. They have identified that the disease is caused by abnormal gene expression leading to a relatively large intracellular space between the T-tubules and the terminal cisternae in the triad, which causes an interruption in the connection between the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor and the ryanodine calcium channel. Based on this description of the morphology underlying the disease, which of the following problems would you expect in excitation-contraction coupling? An action potential would not be able to be transmitted down the T-tubule. Re-uptake of calcium would be blocked, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium. O The actin binding sites may continue to be blocked by tropomyosin even following an action potential along the sarcolemma. O All of the above. Only B and C.arrow_forwardTo demonstrate muscle fatigue, a student held an 8 lb dumbbell in her hand and abducted her arm parallel to the floor. After 45 seconds, she has having difficulty holding that position so she rotated her hand 90 degrees. This allowed her to hold the dumbbell in position for an additional 20 seconds. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? A. Different motor units were contracting while others were relaxing. B. Muscles began to contract isotonically rather than isometrically. C. The load was reduced. D. The resistance to contraction was reduced. E. The change in position provided a greater range of motion at the shoulder.arrow_forwardA. A hypothetical genetic disease causes the body to produce antibodies that compete with acetylcholine for receptors on the motor end plate. Patients with this disease exhibit varying degrees of muscle weakness. If you could administer a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase or a drug that blocks acetylcholine, which one would you use to alleviate these symptoms? Briefly explain the effect that each of these two drugs would have on muscle physiology. B. Megan wants to enter a weight-lifting competition and consults you as to what type of muscle fibers she needs todevelop and how she should go about it. What types of workouts would you suggest to her? Briefly explain why.arrow_forward
- Why would severe trauma to skeletal muscle such as acrush injury have permanently disabling effects?arrow_forwardDescribe the sequence of events that occurs from the time the patellar tendon is stretched to the time the leg is extendedarrow_forwardIn the rare neuromuscular disorder Myasthenia Gravis, autoantibodies are produced which inhibit acetylcholine receptor (nicotinic receptor) activity. Explain how inhibition of acetylcholine receptor activity at the neuromuscular junction will affect the sequence of events in muscular excitation and contraction in response to stimuli, and muscle function? (Mention the effects on all the significant events involved in excitation and contraction of muscles, and how it would affect muscle function).arrow_forward
- After a lengthy car ride, your elderly uncle gets out of the car and complains, “I can hardly walk. It must be sciatica.” Explain what this means.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the influence of cerebral nuclei and thecerebellum on skeletal muscle.arrow_forwardone treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesteras. suggest why this might be a succesful treatmentarrow_forward
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