Payback Period: Payback period is the period in which the project recovers its initial cost of the investment. It can be calculated by dividing the initial investment by the annual cash inflow from the project. The formula to calculate the Payback period is as follows: P a y b a c k P e r i o d = I n i t i a l I n v e s t m e n t A n n u a l C a s h inf l o w ARR: Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) is the rate of return earned on the investment made in a project. ARR is calculated by dividing the Average Accounting profits by Average Investment. The formula to calculate ARR is as follows: A R R = A v e r a g e A c c o u n t i n g p r o f i t s A v e r a g e I n v e s t m e n t NPV: Net present value (NPV) is the method to evaluate the project feasibility. This method calculates the present value of cash inflows and outflows, and then calculates the net present value of the investment. A project should be accepted if it has a positive NPV. The formula to calculate the NPV is as follows: N P V = P r e s e n t v a l u e o f c a s h i n f l o w s – P r e s e n t v a l u e o f c a s h o u t f l o w s IRR: Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the rate at which the NPV of the project is 0 or we can say that IRR is the rate of return at which the project is at breakeven. IRR is calculated using excel or approximation method. Profitability Index: Profitability Index is similar to the NPV method to evaluate a project. It calculates the ratio between the present value cash inflow and present value of cash outflow . A project should be accepted it has a profitability index greater than or equal to 1. The formula to calculate the Profitability Index is a follows: P r o f i t a b i l i t y i n d e x = P r e s e n t v a l u e c a s h i n f l o w P r e s e n t v a l u e o f c a s h o u t f l o w Requirement-1: To identify: The acceptable projects and projects to be rejected

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Chapter 26, Problem E26.28E

To determine

Payback Period: Payback period is the period in which the project recovers its initial cost of the investment. It can be calculated by dividing the initial investment by the annual cash inflow from the project. The formula to calculate the Payback period is as follows:

$P a y b a c k P e r i o d = \frac{I n i t i a l I n v e s t m e n t}{A n n u a l C a s h \inf l o w}$

ARR: Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) is the rate of return earned on the investment made in a project. ARR is calculated by dividing the Average Accounting profits by Average Investment.

The formula to calculate ARR is as follows:

$A R R = \frac{A v e r a g e A c c o u n t i n g p r o f i t s}{A v e r a g e I n v e s t m e n t}$

NPV: Net present value (NPV) is the method to evaluate the project feasibility. This method calculates the present value of cash inflows and outflows, and then calculates the net present value of the investment. A project should be accepted if it has a positive NPV. The formula to calculate the NPV is as follows:

$N P V = P r e s e n t v a l u e o f c a s h i n f l o w s - P r e s e n t v a l u e o f c a s h o u t f l o w s$

IRR: Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the rate at which the NPV of the project is 0 or we can say that IRR is the rate of return at which the project is at breakeven. IRR is calculated using excel or approximation method.

Profitability Index: Profitability Index is similar to the NPV method to evaluate a project. It calculates the ratio between the present value cash inflow and present value of cash outflow. A project should be accepted it has a profitability index greater than or equal to 1. The formula to calculate the Profitability Index is a follows:

$P r o f i t a b i l i t y i n d e x = \frac{P r e s e n t v a l u e c a s h i n f l o w}{P r e s e n t v a l u e o f c a s h o u t f l o w}$

Requirement-1:

To identify: The acceptable projects and projects to be rejected

To determine

Requirement -2:

To identify: The ranking of the acceptable projects

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